【作者】 王瑞；

【导师】 曹艳霞；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 材料工程（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)和适量的增塑剂、光热稳定剂等添加剂共混后加工而成的膜片,具有良好的抗冲性、粘结性以及耐老化性且无毒等优点,被广泛应用于汽车安全玻璃、光伏封装及高层建筑玻璃等领域。在这些领域相关产品生产和使用过程中产生了较多的废旧PVB膜片(r-PVB),通常的填埋或焚烧处理会造成环境影响,若能实现r-PVB高附加值的回收利用则可带来社会与经济双重效益。本文主要考察r-PVB对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)以及聚丙烯(PP)的增韧作用。首先研究了增容剂种类以及加料顺序对HDPE/r-PVB共混物力学性能的影响,筛选出增容效果优异的增容剂和工艺;在此基础上,制备具有优异抗冲性能的HDPE共混物及PP共混物,并探究r-PVB与增容剂的配比对HDPE共混物及PP共混物微观形貌、力学性能、流变特性以及热性能的影响。主要研究内容和结果如下:(1)采用转矩流变仪熔融共混并用模压成型工艺,利用一步法及母料法分别制备了三种马来酸酐接枝物增容的HDPE/r-PVB共混物。结果表明,以乙烯-辛烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MA)为增容剂、一步法制备的HDPE/r-PVB/POE-g-MA共混物的缺口冲击强度最高。(2)按照上述优选的方法及增容剂,固定HDPE与分散相(r-PVB与POE-g-MA总重)质量比为70/30,考察分散相中r-PVB与POE-g-MA的配比对HDPE/r-PVB/POE-g-MA共混物微观形貌及性能的影响。POE-g-MA的引入可有效改善HDPE与r-PVB之间的相容性,增加界面粘附力;当r-PVB与POE-g-MA质量比为25/5时,HDPE/r-PVB/POE-g-MA共混物的缺口冲击强度达52.4 k J/m~2,是纯HDPE的8.7倍,但拉伸强度明显降低。R-PVB与POE-g-MA的引入降低了HDPE的结晶度,但HDPE/r-PVB/POE-g-MA三元共混物结晶度相差不大。固定r-PVB与POE-g-MA的质量比为25/5,研究分散相含量对共混物形态与性能的影响,当分散相含量超过25 wt%后,分散相粒径显著减小,HDPE/r-PVB/POE-g-MA共混物发生明显的脆韧转变。(3)采用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混并用注塑成型工艺,考察了质量比为70/25/5的HDPE/r-PVB/POE-g-MA共混物的力学性能,其缺口冲击强度达60k J/m~2,且拉伸强度与断裂伸长率与纯HDPE相近。(4)采用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混并用注塑成型工艺,固定PP与分散相(r-PVB与POE-g-MA总重)质量比为70/30,考察了r-PVB及POE-g-MA配比对PP/r-PVB/POE-g-MA共混物微观形貌与性能的影响。当PP/r-PVB/POE-g-MA的质量比为70/10/20时,其缺口冲击强度为78.0 k J/m~2,是纯PP的16.6倍。POE-g-MA与r-PVB与形成了核壳结构,有利于共混物韧性的提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Film made by blending polyvinyl butyral(PVB)with appropriate amount ofplasticizer,light and heat stabilizer and other additives,has the advantages of good impact resistance,adhesion,aging resistance and non-toxicity.It is widely used in automotive safety glass,photovoltaic packaging and high-rise building glass.In the production and use of related products in these fields,more and more residue of PVB films(r-PVB)are generated.The usual landfill or incineration treatment will cause environmental problem.It should bring both social and economic benefits if r-PVB could be recycled with high added value.The toughening effect of r-PVB on high-density polyethylene(HDPE)and polypropylene(PP)were investigated in this article.The influence of the types of compatibilizers and feeding sequence on the toughness of HDPE/r-PVB blends was studied,and the compatibilizer and process with excellent compatibilizing effect were selected.On this basis,HDPE ternary blends and PP ternary blends with excellent impact resistance were prepared.The effect of the ratio of r-PVB and compatibilizers on the micro-morphology,mechanical properties,rheological properties,and thermal properties of HDPE blends and PP blends were systematically explored.The main research contents and results are as follows:(1)HDPE/r-PVB blends compatibilized by addition of three kinds of maleic anhydride grafted polymer were prepared by one-step method and masterbatch method,respectively,using a torque rheometer and compression molding process.The results showed that HDPE/r-PVB/POE-g-MA blend prepared by one-step method using ethylene-octene copolymer grafted maleic anhydride(POE-g-MA)as compatibilizer had the highest notched impact strength.(2)According to the above-mentioned preferred method and compatibilizer,the HDPE/r-PVB/POE-g-MA blends with high toughness were prepared.The amount of dispersed phase for the ternary blends was kept fixed at 30 wt%.The influence of the mass ratio of r-PVB and POE-g-MA in the dispersed phase on phase morphology,thermal properties,mechanical properties and rheological behavior of HDPE/r-PVB/POE-g-MA blends was systematically studied.It was found that POE-g-MA could efficiently improve the compatibility between HDPE and r-PVB and increase the interfacial adhesion between them.When HDPE/r-PVB/POE-g-MA was 70/25/5,the maximum impact strength(52.4 k J/m~2)was achieved for the blend,which was 8.7times higher than that of pure HDPE.However,the tensile strength of the blend was significantly reduced.The crystallinity of HDPE was inhibited in the ternary blends but did not change too much with POE-g-MA and r-PVB content.The mass ratio of r-PVB to POE-g-MA was fixed at 25/5,and the HDPE/r-PVB/POE-g-MA blends with different dispersed phase content were prepared.The influence of the content of the dispersed phase on the morphology and performance of the blends was studied.When the content of the dispersed phase exceeded 25 wt%,the size of the dispersed phase in the blend was significantly reduced,and HDPE/r-PVB/POE-g-MA blends underwent an obvious brittle-tough transition.(3)HDPE/r-PVB/POE-g-MA blend with a mass ratio of 70/25/5 was prepared by melt blending using twin-screw and injection molding process,and its impact strength reached 60 k J/m~2.And the tensile strength and elongation at break of the blend were close to pure HDPE.(4)The amount of dispersed phase for the ternary blends was kept fixed at 30 wt%,and the PP/r-PVB/POE-g-MA blends were prepared by melt blending using twin-screw and injection molding process.The influence of the mass ratio of r-PVB and POE-g-MA in the dispersed phase on phase morphology,thermal properties,mechanical properties and rheological behavior of PP/r-PVB/POE-g-MA blends was systematically studied.It was found that when the mass ratio of PP/r-PVB/POE-g-MA was 70/10/20,the impact strength of the blend was 78.0 k J/m~2,which was 16.6 times higher than that of pure PP.The core-shell structure was formed in the blend,which was conducive to improving the toughness of the blend.更多还原