【作者】 李欣；

【导师】 惠夕平；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 文物与博物馆（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 作为考古学研究中重要的必不可少的分支,玉器以其自身材质的精美、雕琢技艺的高超受到不同时期人们的关注。随着田野考古工作的不断深入和出土资料的日益丰富,对于玉器研究的仍需进一步深入。而先秦时期,由于人们生产条件较低下,对自然界的认知和利用尤为困难的现实情况下,人们常常将具有力量的事物作为信仰。在自然界中人们发现,作为森林之王的虎具有食人的力量和驱赶邪恶的能力。因此,人们将虎的形象与力量和保佑平安等观念紧密联系到了一起,形成了独特且复杂的虎形观念。作为动物造型玉中独有的虎造型,其有其鲜明的特色和丰富的内涵。目前学术界单独研究虎形玉器的著作还较少,本文将在大量收集并梳理先秦时期虎形玉器的基础之上,运用考古类型学和出土情境分析等方法,对虎形玉器的使用、功能及其文化意义进行了系统研究。本文共分为三章。第一章为绪论部分,主要介绍本文涉及的相关概念的界定以往虎形玉器的研究综述、选题目的、意义、研究方法和虎形玉器出土概况的介绍。第二章运用考古类型学研究方法对收集到的虎形玉器进行分型分式研究。根据虎形玉器的整体特征的不同和雕刻工艺的不同分为虎头像、玉虎、虎形璜、虎形佩四大类,再根据各自演变分式进行分析。在此基础上,探讨了虎形玉器的分期问题。第三章是对虎形玉器的功能进行分析。结合虎形玉器出土位置进行简单的功能使用的推断分析后,可将虎形玉器分为装饰类、丧葬类、工具类等三大用途。最后是结语。虎形玉器的发展在先秦时期经历了一从萌芽到兴盛再到急速衰退的过程。从新石器晚期出现玉虎头像作为虎形玉器的肇始,经历商代的发展形成独特的虎形玉器的分支,再经历了西周早期的过渡后走向虎形玉器制作和使用的巅峰阶段,西周中晚期到春秋中晚期的虎形璜器和虎形佩饰无论从数量还是制作精美程度都超越了先秦任何时期,结合虎形玉器的功能分析,可以看出玉虎作为佩饰的作用远远大于其他用途。先秦时期的虎形玉器作为装饰用玉和丧葬用玉都反映出先秦时期的用玉观念。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important and indispensable branch in archaeological research,jadeware has attracted people’s attention in different periods with its exquisite material and superb carving skills.With the continuous deepening of field archaeological work and the increasingly rich data unearthed,it has promoted the further research of jadeware.In the pre-Qin period,it was particularly difficult to understand and use nature because of low production conditions,but people found that the tiger,the king of the forest,had the power to eat people and the ability to drive away evil.Therefore,people have closely linked the image of the tiger with the concepts of power and blessing peace,forming a unique and complex concept of the tiger shape.As a unique tiger shape in animal modeling jade,it has its distinctive characteristics and rich connotation.At present,there are few works on tiger-shaped jade in academia alone.This article will use archaeological typology and unearthed situation analysis methods on the basis of a large collection and combing of tiger-shaped jade in the pre-Qin period.And its cultural significance has been systematically studied.This article is divided into three chapters.The first chapter is the introduction.It mainly introduces the definition of related concepts involved in this article.The previous research summary,topic selection,significance,research methods and introduction of the unearthed tiger-shaped jade.The second chapter uses archaeological typology research methods to study the type and type of the collected tiger-shaped jade.According to the different characteristics of the tiger-shaped jade and the different carving techniques,it is divided into four categories: tiger head,jade tiger,tiger-shaped decoration,and tigershaped jade.On this basis,the stage of the tiger-shaped jade was discussed.The third chapter analyzes the functions of tiger-shaped jade.After inferred analysis of simple functional use in conjunction with the unearthed location of the tiger-shaped jade,the tiger-shaped jade can be divided into three major uses: decoration,funeral,and tools.Finally,the conclusion.The development of tiger-shaped jade in the pre-Qin period experienced a process from germination to prosperity to rapid decline.As the beginning of the tigershaped jade,the head of the jade tiger appeared in the late Neolithic period.After the development of the Shang Dynasty,it formed a unique branch of the tiger-shaped jade,and then experienced the transition from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the peak stage of the production and use of tiger-shaped jade.In the middle and late spring and autumn,tiger-shaped ornaments and tiger-shaped ornaments surpassed any period in the pre-Qin period in terms of quantity and exquisite production.Combined with the functional analysis of tiger-shaped jade articles,it can be seen that the role of jade tigers as ornaments is far greater than other use.Tiger-shaped jade in the pre-Qin period as decorative jade and funeral jade both reflected the concept of using jade in the pre-Qin period.更多还原