【作者】 陈伟；

【导师】 曹越平；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 园艺学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 大豆[Glycine max（L.）]是我国重要的粮食和油料作物。应用基因工程方法改造大豆性状,是当前培育大豆新品种的重要方向;同时,转基因大豆的种植也将引起公众对其生态安全的忧虑。本研究通过农杆菌介导法,将抗草甘膦基因G10-EPSPS转入栽培大豆,并对再生植株进行分子检测和抗性鉴定;以抗草甘膦转基因大豆SHZD32-01和受体中豆32为试验材料,设置SHZD32-01喷施草甘膦、SHZD32-01人工除草、中豆32人工除草3种处理,随机区组设计,3次重复,调查各处理田间节肢动物的数量和种类,以探究转基因大豆对田间节肢动物和杂草多样性的影响。主要结果如下:1.采用农杆菌介导法,以大豆子叶节为外植体,在草甘膦筛选下获得了22号大豆品种再生植株3株。3株转化体T₀代PCR和western blot鉴定结果均为阳性。其中CZ22-03的T₀代正常结实,T₁代出现性状分离,经卡方检验分离比为3:1（P>0.05）;T₂代植株能够在喷施1.230kg·ai·hm^-2草甘膦后正常生长。2.节肢动物调查结果显示,SHZD32-01喷施草甘膦、SHZD32-01人工除草、中豆32人工除草3种处理田间主要节肢动物数量无统计学差异,节肢动物群落特征（物种丰富度、生物多样性指数、优势集中性指数和均匀性指数）差异不显著。因此,种植SHZD32-01和喷施草甘膦对田间节肢动物多样性无显著影响。3.杂草调查结果显示,人工除草管理下,SHZD32-01与中豆32两个大豆品种田间杂草群落特征和各杂草密度差异不显著;与其他两个SHZD32-01人工除草处理相比,喷施草甘膦后,SHZD32-01田间杂草物种丰富度无显著变化,但多样性指数和均匀性指数显著下降,优势集中性指数显著上升,鲤肠和稗的密度显著较低（P<0.05）。综上所述,SHZD32-01的种植不影响田间杂草多样性,草甘膦不影响大豆田间杂草的丰富度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soybean（Glycine max L.）is an important alimentary and economic crop in China.Application of genetic engineering method on properties improvement provided an important way of cultivation of new soybean breeds.However,the growth of transgenic soybean will thoroughly arouse public attention on its environment impacts.In this study,through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method,choosing soybean No.22as the explant genotype,glyphosate-resistant gene G10-EPSPS was transformed into soybean.Meanwhile,in order to explore the biodiversity of arthropod communities of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean fields,this study took transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean SHZD32-01 and its receptor Zhong Dou32 as materials,3 treatments of SHZD32-01 with glyphosate spraying,SHZD32-01 with manual weeding and Zhong Dou32with manual weeding were set up in 3 replications with randomized complete-block design,and species and populations of arthropods of 3different treatments were investigated.Here are the main results:1.3 regenerated plants were acquired by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system,using cotyledon-node of soybean No.22 as explants,and glyphosate-resistant gene G10-EPSPS was transformed into soybean.All regenerated plants were positive in PCR and Western blot test.T₀generation of CZ22-03 set seeds successfully,and the character segregation ratio in T₁ of this soybean line was 3:1（χ² test,P>0.05）.T₂ generation of CZ22-03 could growth normally after 1.230kg·ai·hm^-2 glyphosate treatment.2.Results of arthropod indicated that numbers of main species of arthropods had no significant difference among 3 different treatments.The characteristics of arthropod communities（species richness,biodiversity index,dominant concentration index and evenness index）showed no significant difference among 3 different treatments.Therefore,the application of SHZD32-01 and glyphosate had no impacts on biodiversity of arthropod communities of soybean fields.3.Results of weeds showed that characteristics of weed communities and densities of each weed species had no significant distinction between SHZD32-01 with manual weeding and Zhong Dou32 with manual weeding.In treatment of SHZD32-01 with glyphosate spraying,the biodiversity index,evenness index and density of Eclipta prostrata and Echinochloa crusgalli of weed communities showed lower than that in two manual weeding treatments,while the dominant centration index was higher than that in SHZD32-01 with manual weeding treatments（P<0.05）.In conclusion,the planting of SHZD32-01 had no impacts on biodiversity of weeds communities of soybean fields.Species richness of weed community was the same between glyphosate treatment and manual treatment of soybean field.更多还原