【作者】 张昊天；

【导师】 王路；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 建筑学（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 乡村文化是中国文化的重要组成部分,而孕育、表达这一文化的载体,正是乡村的物质环境,它不断更迭,并为乡村赋予新的生动性。然而,乡村环境自诞生起延续至今的物质与文化,却在现代化进程中面临被格式化的危险。为延续乡村文脉,最基本的方法之一就是批判性审视乡村建成环境的现状,并对其进行有机的更新。另一方面,伴随国家建筑产业整体升级,装配式建造技术作为建筑产业链的新形式,因高效、经济和环保等优势而具有广泛的应用前景,它正试图重新诠释许多传统建筑设计及施工中的固有观念。作为一片尚待开发的土壤,乡村建筑改造更新有条件应用装配式建造技术,也需要适应新技术所带来的机遇与挑战。传统上乡村建设中,如建筑质量良莠不齐,缺乏标准;建造过程中资源浪费,效率低下;新建环境与原有环境不协调等问题,依然需要在新的技术体系下被继续讨论。本研究以黄湓村建筑更新为例,讨论在应用装配式技术的乡村建筑改造中,应当遵循怎样的工作流程,考虑何种因素,以及这些因素会如何引导和制约建筑设计。在对相关理论和案例进行研究后,本文首先概括出装配式乡村改造的核心冲突,即标准化生产方式与乡村特异需求之间,在技术和文化上存在矛盾。而在这一问题上设计者的态度,应为在尊重现有技术的客观限制下,改进设计和技术体系,从而使之服务于乡村。基于此,文章进一步提出了这一类设计中所需关注的四个要点,包括运输及施工条件,原有建筑的物理特征,居民对建造的参与,和乡村文脉的延续与表达。从这一系列焦点问题出发,本文选取黄湓村建筑进行归类分析,并分类阐述了三种对应的改造策略,即拆除新建,新旧并置,和维护更新。而后,研究以黄湓村蚕厂及周边建筑组团为例,对改造策略进行了应用,并通过设计的方式重新表达了村落建筑装配式改造过程中的态度和方法。最后,文章就应用新技术下乡村更新的未来,和建筑师以及建筑设计的新定位进行了思考,并提出乡村建筑改造的真正意义,在于孵化某种可持续的更新机制,并使之成为乡村自新的催化剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural culture is a significant component of Chinese culture,and it is incubated and embodied by its physical environment,and is given new vitality through endless cycle.However,what have been inherited since the very beginning of villages,either material or immaterial,is now threatened to be formatted by the modernization.One of the most basic ways,in order to sustain rural culture,is to critically examine the status quo of villages,and into which to introduce an organic renovation.On the other hand,with the ongoing upgrade of national architecture industry,architecture prefabrication is considered prospective due to its advantages of being efficient,economic,and sustainable.And it is possible to apply prefabrication to villages,a virgin land of this new building technology,and a reasonable attempt to meet both the opportunity and challenge.The problems of traditional rural construction,including poor and non-standard building quality,waste of energy and resource,low efficiency,and cultural conflict between the new and the old,should be discussed and dealt with under the new technological system.This thesis takes Huangpen village as an example,and discusses what workflow should be adopted,what factors should be addressed,and how these factors interrelate with architectural design in a rural renovation using prefabrication.After reviewing relative theories and cases,this thesis points out the essential conflict,which is the conflict between standardized architecture manufacture and diversified need in villages in both technology and culture,on which the attitude of designer should be actively improving the current technology into serving villages,while following the limitations of the technology.Then the thesis lists four key issues in design,which are the transportation and construction condition,the physical characters of existing buildings,the participation of villagers,and the representation of culture.From there the thesis studies the architecture of Huangpen categorically,and proposed three typical renovation strategies,to remove and rebuild the existing building,to introduce new counterpart,and to maintain and refurbish.Then an example is given by architectural design of the building cluster surrounding the silk worm factory,through which the attitude and measures are further explicated.In the end,the thesis discusses the future of villages using prefabrication,and the role of architects and architectural design.Also,it is argued that the true value of rural renovation is to create a sustainable mechanism,which can catalyze the self-renewal of rural areas.更多还原