甜菜M14品系与二倍体栽培甜菜耐盐性的比较研究

【作者】 杨娜；

【导师】 李海英； 马春泉；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 生物化学与分子生物学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 土壤的盐渍化对农作物造成渗透损伤、离子毒害及氧化胁迫,使农作物的生长、发育受到严重影响,作物严重减产,给人类生产、生活带来巨大的损失,而筛选优质耐盐作物是解决这一问题的重要途径之一。甜菜M14品系是通过远缘杂交得到的二倍体栽培甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)染色体组上附加野生白花甜菜(B.corolliflora Zoss.)第9号染色体的单体附加系,具有抗盐、抗旱、耐寒和无融合生殖等野生品种的优良性状,是挖掘野生甜菜优质基因的重要资源。课题组前期分别从基因、转录组学和蛋白质组学水平探究了甜菜M14品系的耐盐性(0、200、400m M NaCl胁迫),但仍缺少甜菜M14品系与其亲本二倍体栽培甜菜之间系统的耐盐性比较,因此本试验针对这两个品系甜菜的耐盐性进行比较分析。本试验以通过远缘杂交获得的甜菜M14品系(Chromosome 9 monosomic addition line of Beta corolliflora Zoss.in Beta vulgaris L.,VV+C9,2n=18+1)及其亲本之一二倍体栽培甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.,VV)作为试验材料,分别从表型(株高、根长)、生理生化指标(K~+、Na~+、MDA、甜菜碱含量)、主要抗氧化物酶基因(SOD、CAT、APX、GR、GO)、甜菜碱合成基因(CMO、BADH)的转录水平及以上7个基因相应酶活性4个水平比较两个品系甜菜的叶片和根在0、200、400m M NaCl胁迫环境下生长1-7d的差异,研究结果如下:1、正常(0mM NaCl)生长环境以及200m M NaCl胁迫环境下,两个品系甜菜的株高、根长,叶片和根的K~+、Na~+、MDA、甜菜碱的含量,以及SOD、CAT、APX、GR、GO、CMO、BADH基因的转录水平及相应酶活性的差异均不显著。2、400m M NaCl胁迫时,二倍体栽培甜菜与甜菜M14品系的叶片中4个水平均无显著差异。但二倍体栽培甜菜根萎蔫现象相对严重,甜菜M14品系根长、甜菜碱含量,以及SOD、CAT、APX和GR基因转录水平及其相应的酶活性均显著高于二倍体栽培甜菜。通过本试验可以确定,在正常(0m M NaCl)及中度(200m M NaCl)胁迫环境下,甜菜M14品系及二倍体栽培甜菜两个品系的耐盐性无显著差异,而甜菜M14品系比二倍体栽培甜菜更适应于高盐(400mM NaCl)的逆境胁迫。更多还原

【Abstract】 Salinity soil cause osmotic injury,ion poison and oxidative stress for crop,and affect the growth and development of crop greatly.The reduction of crop’s output lead to a serious loss to human production and life.Screening salt-tolerant crops is one of the important ways to solve the problem.Sugar Beet M14 is the adding the No.9 chromosome monosomic addition line of Beta corolliflora Zoss.to the chromosomes of Beta vulgaris L.by using distant hybridization.It is identified that sugar beet M14 has some excellent characteristics,such as resistance of salt,drought,cold and apomixis,which is a good material can be used to explore the quality genes of B.corolliflora Zoss.Previously,the salt tolerance(0,200,400m M NaCl stress)of the sugar beet M14was explored from different levels of gene,transcriptomics and proteomics,but still lack the system compare of salt tolerance between beet M14 and its parents Beta vulgaris L.,therefore,the salt tolerance of two strains sugar beet were compared and analyzed.This test take the distant hybridization of sugar beet M14(Chromosome 9monosomic addition line of Beta corolliflora Zoss.in Beta vulgaris L.,VV+C9,2n=18+1)and its parents Beta vulgaris L.as material.Compared sugar beet M14 and B.vulgaris L.under 0,200,400m M NaCl stress environment for 1-7 days on the height and root length,physiological and biochemical indicators,include the determination of K~+,Na~+,MDA and betaine content,the transcription level of main antioxidant related genes,include SOD、CAT、APX、GR、GO gene and betaine synthesis genes,include CMO、BADH gene,and the corresponding enzyme activity of the 7 genes above four aspects of leaves and roots tissues respecetively.The results of the study are as follows:1.Under normal(0m M NaCl)growth environment and 200m M NaCl stress,there was no signigicant difference for plant height,root length,and the contents for K~+,Na~+,MDA and betaine,the transcription levels of SOD,CAT,APX,GR,GO,CMO and BADH genes and the corresponding enzyme activity in leaves and root tissues of sugar beet M14 and B.vulgaris L..2.There was no significant difference at the 4 levels of B.vulgaris L.and sugar beet M14 in leaves under 400m M NaCl stress.But the wilting phenomenon of root tissues for B.vulgaris L.was relatively serious than sugar beet M14,and the root length,betaine content,and the transcription levels of SOD,CAT,APX and GR genes and the corresponding enzyme activity in root tissues of sugar beet M14 were significantly higher than those of B.vulgaris L..The results shown that there was no significant difference in salt tolerance between the two lines of sugar beet M14 and B.vulgaris L.under normal(0m M NaCl)and moderate(200m M NaCl)stress,while the sugar beet M14 has higher salt tolerance under high salt(400m M NaCl)stress.更多还原