【作者】 黎亮；

【导师】 潘锦；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 电磁场与微波技术， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)不断完善和成熟,与卫星导航相关的产业进入高速发展时期,越来越多的科研工作人员开展相关的研究工作;卫星导航系统可全天时全天候提供三维位置和时间信息,为人们的生产生活提供了不小的便利性;随着卫星接收机解算速度的加快,定位精度的提高,依靠着卫星定位导航技术,越来越多的功能和服务被开发出来。研究北斗/GPS双模差分定位系统,符合当前卫星定位导航产业的发展方向,对北斗导航系统在各个行业中的应用推广也有积极的作用;通过载波相位差分法,可实现人们对卫星定位导航厘米级精确定位的要求,在大地测量,车辆导航,精细农业,航天测控,工程测量和军事应用等领域有着良好的发展前景。卫星导航天线作为定位系统的重要组成部分,对定位精度有着十分重要的影响,通常也要求天线具有小型化、零相位中心、宽波束等特点,研究尺寸合适,性能优异的卫星导航天线,也有助于卫星定位导航产业更好的发展,因此卫星导航天线成为本文研究重点。论文主要包含以下内容:1.研究了北斗系统和GPS系统在一般精度定位和高精度定位时采用的不同方案,重点介绍了高精度定位使用的差分定位法,包括其系统的组成、工作原理以及在相对定位姿态测量上的应用。2.介绍了导航天线的一般设计要求,卫星圆极化天线小型化的常用实现方式与影响因素,提出了一种微带贴片天线适用的小型化方法,即通过短路条带加载,可以有效减小天线辐射贴片尺寸,并采用此方法,设计了一款地板开槽小型化卫星导航天线,天线辐射贴片尺寸为0.11个波长,经过实测,回波损耗在工作频带内均小于-10dB,具有较好的圆极化辐射性能,导航卫星信号接收能力较强。3.提出了一款采用中心馈电的卫星导航天线,参考90°电桥馈电实现圆极化辐射的方法,天线采用类似于自相移的方式实现圆极化辐射特性,同样采用短路加载的方式使得天线具有较小的尺寸,经过实测,天线性能较好,与仿真结果较为吻合,满足差分定位系统需求。4.通过对差分定位系统硬件搭建,以及差分数据处理软件配置;对差分定位系统完成测试与分析,结果表明本文提出的北斗/GPS双模差分定位系统具有良好的测距测向能力,同时也验证了文中提出的两款导航天线设计方法的正确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development and improvement of Beidou satellite navigation system(BDS),more and more relevant researches about satellite navigation system are carried out.The satellite navigation system can provide three-dimensional position and time information all day and all day,providing people with great convenience in production and life;With the acceleration of the solution speed and the improvement of the positioning accuracy of the satellite receiver,a growing number of functions and services are developed depending on the satellite positioning and navigation technology.The study of Beidou or GPS dual-mode differential positioning system,which takes a significant role in the application and promotion of Beidou navigation system in various industries,is conforming to the development of the satellite positioning and navigation industry.According to the carrier phase difference method,a centimeter level satellite positioning is achieved,which has good development prospects in the fields of geodesy,vehicle navigation,precision agriculture,aerospace measurement and control,engineering measurement and military application.As an important part of positioning system,satellite navigation antenna has a very important impact on positioning accuracy.Generally,it also requires the antenna to have the characteristics of miniaturization,zero phase center,wide beam,and so on.The research of satellite navigation antenna with appropriate size and excellent performance are also conducive to the better development of satellite positioning and navigation industry,so satellite navigation antennas have become the focus of this paper.The paper mainly includes the following contents.The different schemes adopted by Beidou and GPS system in general precision positioning and high precision positioning are studied,and the differential positioning method used in high precision positioning is mainly introduced,including the system composition,working principle and application in relative positioning attitude measurement.The general design requirements of navigation antennas,common implementation methods and influencing factors of miniaturization of satellite circularly polarized antennas are introduced,and a miniaturized method suitable for microstrip patch antennas is proposed,that is,through short-circuit strip loading,it can be effectively reduced Antenna radiation patch size,and this method was used to design a miniaturized satellite navigation antenna with a slotted floor.The antenna radiation patch size is 0.11 wavelength.After actual measurement,the return loss is less than-10 dB in the operating frequency band.Better circularly polarized radiation performance,strong navigation satellite signal reception capabilityIn the thesis,a satellite navigation antenna using center feed is proposed,and the method of circular polarization radiation is achieved by reference to 90° bridge feeding.The antenna adopts a self-phase shift method to achieve circular polarization radiation characteristics,and also uses short circuit loading The antenna has a smaller size.After actual measurement,the antenna performance is better,which is in line with the simulation results and meets the needs of the differential positioning system.Through the construction of the hardware of the differential positioning system and the configuration of the software for differential data processing;the test and analysis of the differential positioning system are completed.The results show that the Beidou/GPS dual-mode differential positioning system proposed in this paper has good ranging and direction finding capabilities,and it has also verified The correctness of the two navigation antenna design methods proposed in this article.更多还原