【作者】 王宇；

【导师】 颜蓓蓓； 吕元；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑与土木工程（暖通）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 在当今全球推广可持续发展战略的大背景下,调整能源结构、提高能源效益、增强能源利用安全性以及减少环境污染等问题亟待解决。与煤炭和石油相比,天然气作为清洁能源在减少环境污染方面具有明显的优势,近年来在全国范围内得到深入研究和重点推广。而以天然气为燃料的冷热电三联供系统(CCHP),在能源梯级利用的基础上,实现同时供冷、供热及供电,具有能效高,经济性好以及污染小的优点。因此,冷热电联供系统的研究成为国家新技术发展领域的重要课题。然而,在实际应用中,与传统供能系统相比,冷热电联供系统并未体现其理论优势,甚至出现不少失败案例。其中最主要原因是系统侧和建筑负荷侧并没有良好匹配,导致能源浪费、经济效益低以及环保性差。通过前人的研究发现,住宅建筑因其负荷不稳定导致冷热电联供系统的能源效率低,利用率不高。因此本文提出将住宅建筑和公共建筑按比例混合,通过提高负荷稳定来提高冷热电联供系统的能源和经济效益。首先根据天津市气候特点,利用负荷模拟软件DeST对五种单一功能建筑——办公楼、商场、酒店、医院以及住宅进行全年逐时负荷模拟计算,然后分别将住宅与四种公共建筑以住宅负荷占比为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9混合后与冷热电联供系统进行匹配。其次,以传统分供系统作为参照对象,以一次能源节约率、总费用节约率和二氧化碳减排率为优化目标,以能量平衡为约束条件,建立了冷热电联供系统与补燃锅炉和电网耦合的三联供系统模型,并将其转化为最优化问题。对比分析了各优化算法对于不同最优化问题的适用范围以及优缺点,选择采用遗传算法在一定约束条件下对该系统模型进行优化,获得每个混合建筑群的目标函数值。结论如下:从一次能源节约率角度考虑,以0.1混合的住宅-商场的节能效果最好;从二氧化碳减排率角度考虑,以0.1混合的住宅-酒店效益最高;从经济效益和综合效益角度考虑,以0.3混合的住宅-办公楼最佳。本研究结果为我国冷热电联供系统的应用提供理论依据,改善住宅领域冷热电联供系统应用率低的现状。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of today’s global promotion of sustainable development strategies,issues such as adjusting energy structure,improving energy efficiency,enhancing energy use safety,and reducing environmental pollution need to be resolved.Compared with coal and oil,natural gas as a clean energy has obvious advantages in reducing environmental pollution.In recent years,it has been deeply researched and promoted nationwide.The natural gas-fired combined cooling heat and power system（CCHP）,on the basis of energy cascade utilization,achieves simultaneous cooling,heating and power supply,and has the advantages of high energy efficiency,good economy and low pollution.Therefore,the research of the triple supply system has become an important topic in the development of new technologies in the country.However,in practical applications,compared with the traditional energy supply system,the triple supply system does not mention its theoretical advantages,and even many failure cases.One of the most important reason is that the system side and the building load side are not well matched,resulting in wasted energy and poor environmental protection.According to other people’s research,the energy efficiency of the triple-supply system is low due to the high volatility of the residential buildings,and the economic benefit is very poor.Therefore,this paper proposes to mix residential buildings and public buildings in proportion,and improve the energy and economic benefits of the triple supply system by increasing load stability.Firstly,according to the climate characteristics of Tianjin,the DeST load simulation software was used to simulate the four-year-old load-time simulation of four public buildings—hotels,shopping malls,hospitals,and residential buildings—and set the five building areas to be the same.Then mix the residential building with the four public buildings in 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,respectively.The load of the hybrid building is matched with the triple supply system.Secondly,with the traditional distribution system as the reference object,the primary energy saving rate,the operating cost saving rate and the carbon dioxide emission reduction rate are optimized.The model of the triple supply system coupling the traditional triple supply system and the supplementary combustion boiler and the power grid is established and transformed to optimize the problem.Then,the application scope,advantages and disadvantages of each optimization algorithm for different optimization problems are compared and analyzed.Finally,the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the system model under certain constraints,and the objective function values of each mixed building group are obtained.With the CO₂emission reduction rate as the standard,the residence-hotels with the best mix of 0.1are the best;from the perspective of primary energy conservation rate,the residence-stores with the mix of 0.1 have the highest returns,while the economy and comprehensive benefits are compared,the residence-office building has the highest efficiency.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of the triple supply system in China,with a view to improving the current situation of the low application rate of the triple supply system in the residential sector.更多还原