【作者】 陈旭；

【导师】 李林艳；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 社会工作， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随着国家治理体系和治理结构的再造,政府逐渐将一些技术性和事务性的职能转移给市场和社会,加上目前国内日趋严峻的老龄化进程,民办非企业等非官方力量介入社会治理产生了新的历史机遇和可能。民办非企业作为中国社会组织的非常重要的组成部分,在满足民众多元的社会公共服务需求和承接政府转移职能等方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。我国目前已经进入老龄化社会,而家庭养老已经不能满足老年人日益增长的丰富多样的需求,当前形势下民办非企业参与到城市社区居家养老供给,能够积极应对当前我国的老龄化压力,实现“老有所养”。南京市鼓楼区X老年人服务中心早在2003年已开始了相关社区居家养老服务的探索,是当前南京市民办非企业参与社区居家养老服务的典型案例。经过十几年的发展,X中心在服务上已经取得许多良好的成效和积极评价,也逐渐获得了官方合法性的地位和社会合法性的认同。从民办非企业与政府的关系维度来看,X中心的运营模式是一种独特的独立性非竞争合作伙伴模式,这种模式表现出3个明显特征:民办非企业承接政府转移部分行政职能而成为养老服务的生产者;双方的合作是协商一致的非竞争的相互选择过程;养老服务的供给合作双方权责明确。那么这种模式的存在何以可能?当前养老服务供给的结构性矛盾、民办非企业单位参与社区居家养老探索阶段的服务质量不一、先入优势及培育养老服务市场的需要等因素直接或间接促成了该模式的产生和存在。虽然当前民办非企业参与社区居家养老服务的探索取得了一定成效,但是笔者研究发现法律法规等制度环境仍待完善、资金及资源获取较为匮乏,依赖政府自主性较差、评估监管缺失或流于形式等一系列问题依然困扰着民办非企业在养老服务体系中发挥更大作用。如何理解当前的民办非企业与政府耦合而成的独立性非竞争合作伙伴式的运营模式,怎样解决当前面临的问题将是本文重点探讨的方向。笔者从5个方面提出了有针对性的对策建议,如引入市场竞争机制、积极扶持培育民办非企业单位、着力建立起合理的多元化资金筹措机制等建议,希望能够为推动社区居家养老服务事业发展提供有益的助力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the reconstruction of national governance system and governance structure,the government has gradually transferred some technical and transactional functions to the market and society.Coupled with the increasingly severe aging process in China,new historical opportunities and possibilities have emerged for non-governmental forces such as private nonenterprises to intervene in social governance.As a very important part of China’s social organizations,private non-enterprises play a decisive role in meeting people’s diversified social and public service needs and accepting the government’s transfer functions.At present,China has entered the aging society,and the family pension has been unable to meet the rich and diverse needs of the growing population of the elderly.Under the current situation,private nonenterprises participate in the provision of home-based service in urban communities,which can actively cope with the current aging pressure in China and realize " supplying for the elderly".As early as 2003,the X Elderly Service Center in Gulou District of Nanjing began to explore the related community-based home care service,which is a typical case of the participation of non-enterprises run by citizens in community home-based service in Nanjing.After more than ten years of development,X Center has achieved a lot of good results and positive evaluation in service,and has gradually gained the status of official legitimacy and recognition of social legitimacy.From the perspective of the relationship between private nonenterprises and the government,the operation mode of X Center is a unique independent noncompetitive partnership mode,which shows three obvious characteristics: private nonenterprises undertake part of the administrative functions transferred by the government and become producers of pension services;cooperation between the two sides is a consensus process of non-competitive mutual selection;supply of pension services The rights and responsibilities of both parties are clear.So how is the existence of this model possible? At present,the structural contradictions in the supply of old-age services,the different service quality of private non-enterprise units participating in the exploratory stage of community home-based old-age care,the first-mover advantage and the need to cultivate the market of oldage services directly or indirectly lead to the emergence and existence of this model.Although the current exploration of private non-enterprises participating in community home care has made certain progress,the author finds that the institutional environment such as laws and regulations is still to be improved,the access to funds and resources is relatively scarce,and a series of problems,such as poor government autonomy,lack of evaluation and supervision or mere formality,still plague private non-enterprises to play a greater role in the pension service system.How to understand the current cooperation mode of private nonenterprise and government in independent non-competitive partnership,and how to solve the current problems will be the focus of this paper.The author puts forward some suggestions from five aspects,such as introducing market competition mechanism,actively supporting the cultivation of private non-enterprise units,and striving to establish a reasonable diversified fund-raising mechanism,hoping to provide useful help to promote the development of community home-based pension services.更多还原