【作者】 孙敏；

【导师】 谭希丽； 王玉梅；

【作者基本信息】 北华大学 ， 教育（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 教材比较已经成为了现代教育比较研究的热门,本文选取了人教版与鲁教版函数内容作为研究对象.论文主体采用比较研究法、访谈法对教材的一次函数和二次函数章节进行宏观和微观比较,采用定量分析法对习题进行量化分析.在宏观上,从章节分布、知识点含量、编排体系进行比较;在微观上,从章引言、问题情境、数学活动、拓展阅读、章末小结、习题进行比较.得出了以下结论:宏观方面结论如下:(1)两版教材章节安排符合知识发展顺序,层次清晰,鲁教版将变量独立一章,内容丰富,人教版将其作为一次函数的一节,知识连贯,变量介绍欠缺;(2)两版教材在介绍一次函数时,逻辑推理不同,在二次函数部分,鲁教版对函数进行再复习,符合学生认知发展规律,人教版对函数的复习并不明确,容易造成知识的遗忘.微观方面结论如下:(1)鲁教版在章引言提出学习目标,帮助学生有目的地进行学习,符合新课标的要求,人教版概括学习内容,容易造成学生对所学内容产生模糊感;(2)两版教材都以现实情境引入,鲁教版情境多元化,更注重现实情境,注重学生数学建模能力;人教版偏重数学现实,注重学生的直观想象能力;(3)两版教材对于数学活动的命名不同,人教版数学活动注重培养学生的思考能力,在章末设置单独的数学活动,培养学生数学建模能力和应用能力,鲁教版数学活动,注重培养学生的操作能力;(4)鲁教版拓展阅读涉及领域更广泛,有助于学生拓宽知识,人教版适当增加阅读材料的数量;(5)人教版在章末将本章知识以框图的形式呈现,偏重知识的总结,鲁教版以问题形式进行总结,偏重与实际生活的联系;(6)两版教材习题侧重点不同,鲁教版注重数学抽象和逻辑推理,人教版注重数据分析和数学运算.根据以上结论,提出相应建议:(1)在体系设计上要体现“数与代数”、“图形与几何”、“统计与概率”、“综合与实践”的联系与融合;(2)教材采用螺旋式编排,互相关联的内容要放在一起介绍,揭示共同的数学本质;(3)丰富学习栏目的内容,既要吸引学生注意力,还要符合学生的认知发展规律;(4)习题难度要适中,习题背景选择要让学生体会到数学在实际生活中的应用;(5)教材内容的选择要与时俱进,不断增加学生日常所必需的数学知识,把握数学前沿.更多还原

【Abstract】 Comparative research of textbooks has become a hot field in recent education research,the article selects PEP edition and Lu Jiao edition as the research objects,making the macro-comparison and micro-comparison in linear function and quadratic function.In the macro-comparison,choosing the section distribution,knowledge content,and choreography system.In the micro-comparison,choosing the chapter introduction,problem situations,mathematics activities,extracurricular reading development,the end of the chapter summary and the examples of exercises.The conclusions are as follows and proposing the suggestions.In the macro-comparison,(1)arrange the knowledge system according to the knowledge development,Lu Jiao edition introduces the variable section alone,but another edition introduces as one section of linear function.(2)Lu Jiao edition reviews in the quadratic function.In the micro-comparison,(1)Lu Jiao edition gives the study aims,but mentioning only in another edition.(2)Lu Jiao edition pays attention to the real-life contexts,PEP edition emphasis mathematics situations.(3)PEP edition lays emphasis on the ability of consideration,Lu Jiao edition emphasis the ability of the practical operation.(4)Lu Jiao edition is more than PEP edition in the extra-curricular knowledge.(5)PEP edition appears the knowledge with the block diagram with the questions,Lu Jiao edition reviews with question deepened the real life.(6)Lu Jiao edition attach importance to the background,another edition pays attention to the ability of the analysis.According to the conclusions,proposing the following suggestions:(1)Combing the “Number and Algebra”,” Graphics and Geometry”,” Statistics and Probability”,” Synthesis and Practice”.(2)Applying to the spiral arrangement and togethering the same contexts,announcing the conjunct essence of mathematics.(3)Enriching the contexts and attacting the interest,also in line with the law of physical and mental development of students.(4)The background of the exercises should be related to real life.(5)The contents of the textbook should keep pace with the times,keeping adding the necessary content.更多还原