【作者】 李顺；

【导师】 杨知建； 魏仲珊； 张志飞；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 为了探究不同添加剂对籽粒苋与不同辅料混合青贮品质的影响,本研究以湖南地区的籽粒苋为主要青贮原料,于2017年7月15日进行刈割,分别与豆粕、谷糠、麦麸进行混合,以保证混合原料含水量在65%左右,并分别添加糖蜜、乳酸菌、纤维素复合酶、糖蜜+乳酸菌、糖蜜+纤维素复合酶、乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶、糖蜜+乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶、等量水为对照,共计24个处理组;青贮30 d后开包取样并分析各项指标。结果表明:(1)添加糖蜜+乳酸菌、糖蜜+纤维素复合酶或糖蜜+乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶可显著(P<0.05)降低籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮的pH值、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量和干物质损失率;并能显著(P<0.05)提高干物质和可溶性碳水化合物含量,提高相对饲用价值。添加了糖蜜的各个处理组粗蛋白含量均低于其它处理组;添加乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶效果不理想,与对照组相比,其pH值、洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量均较高。由此可见,在籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮时添加糖蜜+乳酸菌或糖蜜+纤维素复合酶青贮效果较好。(2)添加糖蜜+乳酸菌、糖蜜+纤维素复合酶或糖蜜+乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶均可显著(P<0.05)降低籽粒苋与谷糠混合青贮的pH值、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量;并能显著(P<0.05)提高粗蛋白和可溶性碳水化合物含量,提高V-score评分和相对饲用价值。且糖蜜+乳酸菌和糖蜜+乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶处理组的氨态氮/总氮显著(P<0.05)低于其它各处理。由此可见,在籽粒苋与谷糠混合青贮时添加糖蜜+乳酸菌青贮效果较好。(3)添加糖蜜+纤维素复合酶或糖蜜+乳酸菌+纤维素复合酶可显著(P<0.05)降低籽粒苋与麦麸混合青贮的pH值、氨态氮/总氮、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量;并显著(P<0.05)提高其干物质和可溶性碳水化合物含量,提高V-score评分和相对饲用价值。糖蜜+纤维素复合酶处理的干物质损失率更低。由此可见,在籽粒苋与麦麸混合青贮时添加糖蜜+纤维素复合酶青贮效果较好。(4)以粗蛋白与干物质定价方法计算混合青贮的利润。籽粒苋与豆粕混合青贮并添加糖蜜+乳酸菌或糖蜜+纤维素复合酶,其粗蛋白含量高达35%DM以上,相对饲用价值高达390;毛利润率分别为43.25%和42.65%。添加糖蜜+乳酸菌的经济效益更好,可作为牛犊和泌乳期母牛的优质饲料。籽粒苋与麦麸混合青贮并添加糖蜜+纤维素复合酶,其粗蛋白含量可达14%DM,相对饲用价值达到261;毛利润率为5.56%,但由于其较高的相对饲用价值高,可以适当的上浮售价,因此可以作为育肥牛的优质粗饲料。籽粒苋与谷糠混合青贮并添加糖蜜+乳酸菌能明显改善发酵品质,但其粗蛋白含量不到5%DM,相对饲用价值不到71;毛利润率为-44.52%,亏损严重,因此不建议作为商品销售。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study was carried out to explore the effect of different additives on the quality of mixed silage ofAmaranthus hypochondriacuswith different auxiliary materials.In this experiment,A.hypochondriacusfrom Hunan was used as the main silage material and mowed on July 15,2017,and mixed with soybean meal,millet bran or wheat bran to ensure that the moisture content of the mixed material was about 65%.And molasses,lactic acid bacteria,cellulose complex enzyme,molasses + lactic acid bacteria,molasses + cellulose complex enzyme,lactic acid bacteria + cellulose complex enzyme,molasses + lactic acid bacteria + cellulose complex enzyme or equivalent water as control were added respectively,a total of 24 treatments.After 30 days of silage,the samples were opened and analyzed.The main results are shown as follows:(1)The fermentation quality and nutritional quality of mixed silage ofA.hypochondriacusand soybean meal with molasses + lactic acid bacteria,molasses + cellulose complex enzyme or molasses + lactic acid bacteria + cellulose complex enzyme were all improved.The pH,dry matter loss rate,NDF,ADF were significantly(P<0.05)reduced,and the DM,WSC and RFV were significantly(P<0.05)improved.The content of CP of all the treatments added molasses were lower than that of other treatments.The treatment of lactic acid bacteria + cellulose complex enzyme was not ideal,and its pH,the content of NDF,ADF,and ADL were all higher.In comprehensive consideration,adding molasses + lactic acid bacteria or molasses + cellulose complex enzyme to the mixed silage ofA.hypochondriacusand soybean meal is better.(2)Adding molasses + lactic acid bacteria,molasses + cellulose complex enzyme or molasses + lactic acid bacteria + cellulose complex enzyme significantly(P<0.05)decreased the pH value,NDF,and ADF,of mixed silage ofA.hypochondriacusand millet bran.The CP,WSC,V-score and RFV were significantly(P<0.05)increased.The AN/TN in the treatment of molasses + lactic acid bacteria and molasses + lactic acid bacteria + cellulose complex enzyme were significantly(P<0.05)lower than those in other treatments.In comprehensive consideration,the effect of adding molasses + lactic acid bacteria in mixed silage ofA.hypochondriacusand millet bran is better.(3)Adding molasses + cellulose complex enzyme or molasses + lactic acid bacteria + cellulose complex enzyme significantly(P<0.05)reduced the pH value,AN/TN,NDF,and ADF in the mixed silage ofA.hypochondriacusand wheat-bran.The DM,WSC,V-score and RFV were significantly(P<0.05)increased.The dry matter loss rate of the molasses + cellulose complex enzyme treatment was lower.In comprehensive consideration,it is better to add molasses + cellulose complex enzyme to the mixed silage ofA.hypochondriacusand wheat bran.(4)The profit of mixed silage was calculated by the pricing method of CP and DM.The CP of mixed silage ofA.hypochondriacusand soybean meal with molasses + lactic acid bacteria or molasses + cellulose complex enzyme was as high as 35% DM,and the RFV was as high as 390.The gross profit margins are 43.25% and 42.65%,respectively.The economic benefit of adding molasses + lactic acid bacteria is better,and it can be used as high quality feed for calves and lactating cows.The CP of mixed silage ofA.hypochondriacusand wheat-bran with molasses + cellulose complex enzyme reached 14% DM,and the RFV reached 261.The gross profit margins is 5.56%.However,due to its high RFV the price can be properly raised.So it can be used as high quality roughage for fattening cattle.Mixed silage ofA.hypochondriacusand millet bran with molasses and lactic acid bacteria could improve fermentation quality obviously,but its CP is less than 5% DM,and its RFV is less than 71.Gross profit margin is-44.52%,and have a serious loss.It is not recommended to be sold as a commodity.更多还原