【作者】 刘璐；

【导师】 王玉亮；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 世界史， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 中世纪晚期至近代早期,英国处于一个不断创新、变革、发展的转型时代。在这个重要的历史阶段,立身期仆工作为一类特殊的社会群体,从社会各个阶层涌现出来,成为英国社会一种普遍现象。立身期仆工是中世纪晚期英国经济社会发展的必然产物,对于这一群体的研究,有助于学界对中世纪乃至近代早期英国的家庭构建过程和社会转型的深入理解。论文分为三部分:绪论、正文和结束语。绪论阐述本文的选题缘由,梳理了国内外学界对中世纪晚期英国立身期仆工的相关研究概况等内容,阐明了本文的研究方法和创新点,并且对相关概念进行了界定。正文分为四个部分。第一章主要介绍了中世纪晚期英国各个阶层中立身期仆工普遍存在的社会现象。第二章主要论述了立身期仆工现象普遍存在的原因,分别从社会、经济、个人三方面因素来论述。第三章主要探讨了立身期仆工的兴起与英国社会转型时期的家庭关系变化。例如,伴随着立身期仆工现象的发展,家庭模式由复合家庭转向核心家庭;婚姻观念也在不断改变,晚婚成为社会发展趋势,父母对婚姻的控制权呈现出削弱的态势;契约性养老成为潮流。文章第四章主要探析了立身期仆工对近代英国社会转型所产生的影响。从社会经济角度来看,立身期仆工的发展促进了契约关系的扩展、雇工经济的发展以及社会济贫观念的改变。从个人角度来看,立身期仆工的存在与发展,有助于农奴子女获取自由,有利于促进个人教育、个人主义的发展。结语部分总结全文,阐明了中世纪晚期英国立身期仆工作为一种特殊的社会群体,是当时社会经济发展的必然产物,在一定程度上促进了英国的转型。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the late middle ages to the early modern times,England was in a transitional period of continuous innovation,change and development.In this important historical period,as a special social group,life-cycle servants emerged from all social strata and became a common phenomenon in British society.The servant in the initiation period is an inevitable outcome of the economic and social development of late medieval Britain.The study of this group is helpful for the academic community to have a deeper understanding of the family construction process and social transformation of England in the middle ages and early modern times.The thesis is divided into three parts: introduction,body and conclusion.The introduction explains the reasons for the topic of this paper,sorts out the general situation of domestic and foreign academic research on the servants in the late Middle Ages,expounds the research methods and innovative points,and defines the relevant concepts.The text is divided into four parts.The first chapter mainly introduces the social phenomena prevalent among the servants in the neutral period in all classes of England in the late Middle Ages.The second chapter mainly discusses the reasons for the widespread phenomenon of servants during the period of standing up,from three aspects of social,economic and personal factors.The third chapter mainly discusses the rise of servants in their formative years and the changes in family relations during the period of social transformation in Britain.For example,with the development of the phenomenon of servants in their formative years,the family model has changed from a compound family to a nuclear family.The concept of marriage is also constantly changing.Late marriage has become the trend of social development.Parents’ control over marriage is showing a weakening trend.Contractual pension has become the trend.The fourth chapter of the article mainly analyzes the influence of the servants in their formative years on the social transformation in modern England.From the social and economic point of view,the development of servants in theirformative years has promoted the expansion of contractual relations,the development of employees’ economy and the change of the concept of helping the poor in society.From a personal point of view,the existence and development of servants during their formative years are conducive to the freedom of serf children and the development of personal education and individualism.The epilogue sums up the whole text,and expounds that the servants in the late medieval England,as a special social group,were the inevitable outcome of the social and economic development at that time,which promoted the transformation of England to some extent.更多还原