【作者】 郭伟；

【导师】 高斌；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 控制科学与工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 管道运输作为一种运量巨大、建设周期短、运营能耗低及可长期稳定运行的运输方式,是调节各地资源平衡的重要工具,在资源运输领域发挥着难以替代的作用。管道长期承受周围环境的化学腐蚀,运输介质的冲击及气候变化引起的热胀冷缩,可能导致管道内外壁产生裂纹、锈蚀等缺陷。如果不能及时发现,可能导致资源泄露,甚至引发爆炸事故,因此迫切需要快速高效的管道完整性检测技术。电磁超声检测技术具有非接触,无需耦合剂,能够进行快速检测等优点,是一种新兴的管道检测技术。脉冲涡流检测是一种基于电磁感应原理的非接触式无损检测技术,其具有高检测效率和高精度等优点,适用于金属管道表面和近表面的缺陷检测。两种检测方式在检测原理和特点上有许多相似点,它们的复合在检测范围方面可以相互弥补。本文针对油气管道高效全面性检测问题进行电磁超声与脉冲涡流机理层复合检测技术研究。具体研究内容如下:(1).基于电磁超声与脉冲涡流检测原理和理论,研究了复合检测的可行性,建立了基于机理层复合的传感器仿真模型。通过有限元仿真实验分析了复合模型对多种表面缺陷和底部缺陷的检测能力。并提出了两种检测方式数据融合的可行性。(2).基于仿真实验搭建了复合检测系统验证平台,包括复合传感器和复合信号分离模块的设计等。在含有多种类型表面缺陷及底部减薄缺陷的铁磁性和非铁磁性材料平板试件进行了实验验证。实验分析结果与仿真结果一致,验证了电磁超声信号和脉冲涡流信号的可行性和数据融合可能性。(3).在西南油气田813-X70管道试件上进行了电磁超声与脉冲涡流复合检测方法的实验研究。实验结果分析证明,两种检测方法的结合可以实现对管道的厚度变化监测和表面缺陷的检测。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of transportation mode with huge traffic volume,short construction period,low operation energy consumption and long-term stable operation,pipeline transportation is an important tool to adjust the resource balance in various regions and plays an irreplaceable role in the field of resource transportation.The pipeline has been subjected to the chemical corrosion of the surrounding environment,the impact of the transport medium and the thermal expansion and contraction caused by climate change for a long time,which may cause defects such as cracks and rust on the inner and outer of the pipeline.If it is not found in time,it may lead to resource leakage and even an explosion accident.Therefore,there is an urgent need for fast and efficient pipeline integrity detection technology.As an emerging pipeline detection technology,Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer(EMAT)technology has the advantages of non-contact,fast detection speed without using coupled medium etc.Pulsed Eddy Current Testing(PECT)is a non-contact NDT technology based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.It has the advantages of high detection efficiency and accuracy,and is suitable for defect detection on the surface and near surface of metal pipes.The two detection methods have many similarities in the detection principle and characteristics,and their combination can make up for each other in terms of detection range.Based on the problem of improving the efficient and comprehensive detection of oil and gas pipelines,this paper studies the mechanism combined detection technology of EMAT and PECT.The specific research content is as follows: 1).Based on the principle and theory of EMAT and PECT,the feasibility of composite detection was studied,and a sensor model based on mechanism composite was established.Through finite element simulation experiments,the ability of the composite model to detect various surface defects and internal defects was analyzed.The feasibility of data fusion of two detection methods is also proposed.2).Based on simulation experiments,a verification platform for composite detection systems is set up,including the design of composite sensors and composite signal separation modules.Experimental experiments were performed on flat specimens of ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials containing various types of surface-defects and bottom-thinning-defects.The experimental analysis results are consistent with the simulation results.It is verified that the EMAT signals and PECT signals can be mutually verified and data fusion.It shows that the mechanism composite detection technology proposed in this paper can correctly detect ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic flat specimen Surface defects and thickness variations.3).An experimental study on the combined detection method of EMAT and PECT was conducted on the 813-X70 pipeline specimen from the Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company.The analysis of the experimental results proves that the combination of the two detection methods can realize the thickness change monitoring and surface defect detection of the pipeline.更多还原