我国农村养老问题及解决对策研究

【作者】 刘宁；

【导师】 田丽；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 公共管理（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会的快速发展和城市化水平的不断加快,我国已经成为世界上老年人口数量最多的国家,同时也是世界上人口老龄化速度最快的国家之一。根据国家统计局的相关数据可知,截止到2019年年末,我国60周岁及以上老年人口数量已经达到2.53亿,占全国总人口数量的18.1%。而我国农村人口占全国人口总数仍然在一半以上,因此农村养老问题已经成为我国当前所面临的一个非常严峻的社会问题。我国农村养老问题产生的原因有很多,由于农村整体经济发展水平不高,使得农村的就业机会、就业岗位越来越少,迫于生活的压力,这就使得越来越多的农村年轻人和大学毕业生选择到大城市里去工作、去生活,去寻求更多的发展机会,从而实现自己的人生价值和人生理想。随着越来越多的年轻人涌入大城市,在那里安家落户、结婚生子,这就导致越来越多的老年人被独自留守在农村老家,使得我国农村养老服务发展面临着巨大的挑战。因此,研究制定适合我国农村养老的保障体系,让农村老年人更好地安享晚年,其意义尤为深远。本文以案例研究法为主要的研究方法,辅以文献查阅法、网络调查法和实地访谈法,在充分做好庄河市W镇农村养老现状调查的前提下,一是通过文献查阅,全面了解国内外农村养老的研究现状,掌握最前沿的农村养老理论研究成果。二是通过实地访谈,召集部分老年人、村委会干部和敬老院的工作人员举行座谈会,详细了解该地区农村养老所存在的问题。同时,与民政、劳动保障等相关部门负责人开展访谈,了解掌握现阶段农村养老的一些政策法规和成熟的养老模式,从而分析该地区农村养老存在问题的原因。三是通过网络调查,选取芬兰、德国和日本等发达国家以及国内安徽省、湖北省和河北省等地区进行研究,通过分析其农村养老模式,总结归纳出他们的成功经验作为借鉴。四是通过案例分析,以庄河市W镇为例,对庄河市W镇农村养老的现状和存在的问题进行分析,与当前国内外的研究现状和发达国家及国内其他地区可借鉴的做法相结合,最终提出解决农村养老问题的对策和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of society and the continuous acceleration of urbanization,China has become the country with the largest number of elderly people in the world,and it is also one of the countries with the fastest population aging in the world.According to the relevant data of the National Bureau of Statistics,as of the end of 2019,the number of elderly people aged 60 and over in China has reached 253 million,accounting for 18.1% of the total population of the country.The rural population in China still accounts for more than half of the country ’s total population.Therefore,the rural pension problem has become a very serious social problem facing China.There are many reasons for the rural pension problem in China.Due to the low level of overall economic development in the countryside,there are fewer and fewer rural employment opportunities and jobs,and the pressure of life is forced.This makes more and more rural young people and University graduates choose to work and live in big cities to seek more development opportunities,so as to realize their own life values and ideals.As more and more young people flock to big cities,where they settle down,get married and have children,this leads to more and more elderly people being left alone in their rural homes,making the development of rural elderly care services in our country facing huge challenges.Therefore,it is of far-reaching significance to study and formulate a security system suitable for China’s rural old-age pension,so that the rural elderly can enjoy their old age better.In this paper,the case study method is the main research method,supplemented by the literature review method,network survey method and field interview method.On the premise of fully doing a survey of the current situation of rural old-age care in W town of Zhuanghe,one is to comprehensively understand through the literature review the current status of rural pension research at home and abroad,master the most cutting-edge research on rural pension theory.Second,through field interviews,some senior citizens,village committee cadres and nursing home staff were held to hold seminars to learn more about the problems in the rural elderly care in this area.At the same time,we conducted interviews with persons in charge of civil affairs,labor security and other relevant departments to understand and master some policiesand regulations and mature pension models of rural pensions at this stage,so as to analyze and solve the problems of rural pensions in this area.The third is to select developed countries such as Finland,Germany and Japan,as well as Anhui,Hubei and Hebei provinces to conduct research through online surveys,analyze their rural pension models,and summarize their successful experience as a reference.Fourth,through case analysis,taking W town of Zhuanghe as an example,the status quo and existing problems of rural pensions in W town of Zhuanghe are analyzed,and the current research status at home and abroad and the practices that developed countries and other domestic regions can learn from combining together,finally put forward countermeasures and suggestions to solve the rural pension problem.更多还原