【作者】 王欢；

【导师】 郭红领； 王燕；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 项目管理（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 土地是有价值属性的资源。土地所有者或者使用者试图挖掘土地资源的最大经济潜能,这样的主观能动性,响应在土地利用现状的动态演变上。一定时期内,土地资源的有限性,促使农用地、建设用地和未利用地的相互转化。土地利用数据对于国民经济建设至关重要,而传统的土地利用现状调查在互联网信息时代,技术略显落后。融合“智能终端+低空遥感”技术的创新性探索,推动了土地调查从传统测绘法向信息智能化的革命性转变。本文基于新时期国土资源调查的需要,构建了低空遥感和移动智能终端调查系统,其中低空遥感获取的正射影像代替了传统的调查纸质底图,同时移动智能终端实现了疑问图斑实地在线举证的便捷性。这种融合了低空遥感和移动智能终端的调查系统,将会很大程度推动国土数字化的新进程。在延安市安塞区实地进行了新系统工程验证。安塞区具有地貌复杂多样、土地利用类型多、斑块零散的特点,传统的调绘法将捉襟见肘。本文研究新系统可行性的过程中,以安塞区近郊东营行政村为试点,用无人机低空航飞该区域,获得了原始的影像数据,经过一系列处理过程,最终形成了0.2m高分辨率的正射影像;系统智能化对正射影像进行信息提取和属性标注,并根据人机交互式目视解译法对其精度进行验证,实验表明:低空遥感-智能移动终端调查系统解译土地现状数据可以满足精度要求。移动智能终端负载正射影像,嵌入精确的位置信息,可精准定位至调查区域。新系统协调了调绘内-外业,提高了调查效率。另外,土地利用现状调查的另一项应用在于服务土地利用结构分析。Gibbbs-mirtin指数模型衡量土地利用的多样性。使用新系统完成了2016年度安塞区土地利用现状数据的检测更新,分析可知:安塞区土地资源总量时间范畴变化小,但是各种土地类型间相互转化,趋于动态平衡。实验表明:该土地调查系统具有高效率、高质量、高精度的优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land is a resource of valuable attributes.The subjective intitiatives of land owner or users in their efforts to exploit the maximum economic potential of land resources are reflected by the dynamic evolution of land use status.Within a certain period of time,the attribute of limitataion of land resources promotes the mutual transformation of agricultural land,construction land and unused land.The land use data is crucial for the national economic construction,while in the Internet information age,the technologies used in the traditional survey are slightly backward.The innovative inspiration combined with the techniques of "Intelligent terminal + low-altitude remote sensing" has promoted the revolutionary transformation of land survey from traditional surveying methods to intelligent information.Based on the needs of land survey in the new era,this thesis constructs a low-altitude remote sensing and mobile intelligent terminal system to survey in which the orthophotos captured from low-altitude remote sensing replace the traditional investigating paper map,and the intelligent terminals make the field on-line proof for question marks more convenient.This kind of survey system that combines low-altitude remote sensing and mobile intelligent terminals will greatly promote the new process of land digitalization.This new system was verified in the Ansai District of Yanan City.The Ansai District has the characteristics of complex and diverse landforms,many types of land-use,and scattered patches.Therefore the application of traditional mapping methods will be stretched.In the process of studying the feasibility of the new system,the Dongying administrative village in the suburbs of Ansai District was used as a pilot where the original image data were obtained by low-altitude airborne UAV.After a series of processing,a 0.2m high-resolution ortho-image was finally formed.The system intelligently extracts information and labels attributes from orthophoto image,and verifies its accuracy by human-computer interactive visual interpretation method.The experiment shows that the survey system that combines low-altitude remote sensing and mobile intelligent terminals can interpret land status data with the specific accuracy requirements.Mobile intelligent terminal loads orthophoto images and embeds accurate location information to accurately locate the survey area.This new system coordinates the internal and external operations of the mapping,thus improves the investigation efficiency.In addition,another application in land use survey is to analyze the service land use structure.The Gibbbs-mirtin index model measures the diversity of land use.The new system has completed the inspection and updating of land use data in Ansai in 2016 and achieved relevant analysis conclusion: the time domain of the total land resources in Ansai District has changed little,but the various land types changed mutually and tend to be dynamically balanced.Experiments show that this land survey system has the advantages of high efficiency,high quality and high precision.更多还原