【作者】 王占磊；

【导师】 陈宁；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 动力工程（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 炉排炉为目前世界上的主要垃圾焚烧炉型,炉排炉焚烧技术在发达国家已经趋于成熟。国内的炉排炉技术均为国外引进再本土化改进的产物,存在各种问题。鉴于国内生活垃圾高水分的特点,研发低热灼减率、低污染排放特性和通用性强的大型高效垃圾焚烧成套装备已成为该领域的重要发展趋势。本文以江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司设计的600T/D垃圾焚烧炉排炉研究对象,结合床层计算软件FLIC和计算流体力学CFD软件Fluent对垃圾焚烧炉内的燃烧情况进行了数值模拟,预测了不同热值的生活垃圾在不同的运行参数变量(包括一次风二次风比例、一次风风温和一次风风量配比)和结构参数变量(后拱角度和第一烟道位置)下的燃烧情况,给出了焚烧炉内部的温度分布、流场分布和出口气体组分和污染物浓度等结果。模拟结果明确了焚烧炉的结构参数,给出了在不同热值下的最优运行参数,为设备设计及运行提供了理论支撑。为验证模拟结果,以实际工程为依托,进行了实验。通过对垃圾焚烧炉的运行优化研究可知,针对热值为6200 kJ/kg的生活垃圾,最优一次风和二次风的比例为78.5%:21.5%,增大或减小该比例均不能提高燃烧效果。针对不同热值的生活垃圾,尽可能地提高一次风干燥段和燃烧段的风温,可提高炉膛内的燃烧效果,但对于高热值的生活垃圾,必须注意防止出现超温现象。燃烧热值为6200 kJ/kg的生活垃圾时,最优干燥段和燃烧段的风温分别为493 K和458 K。另外,针对不同热值的生活垃圾,适当增加燃烧段的风量配比,可提高燃烧效果,但同样的,对于高热值垃圾,需要防止超温情况的出现。燃烧热值为6200 kJ/kg的生活垃圾时,最优一次风风量配比为30%:50%。通过对垃圾焚烧炉的结构优化研究可知,固定炉膛的后拱后点,增大后拱的角度,对炉膛内的燃烧效果的优化能力有限;减小后拱的角度,会恶化炉膛内的燃烧效果,后拱的最佳设计角度为30°。燃烧热值为6200 kJ/kg的垃圾时,第一烟道的位置对炉膛内燃烧效果的影响有限。当燃烧高热值的垃圾时,移动第一烟道的位置会对燃烧产生比较大的影响。该论文有图40幅,表31个,参考文献82篇。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,grate furnace is the main type of waste incinerator in the world.Grate furnace technology has become mature in developed countries,while at home,it is imported from abroad and formed after localization,and there are still various problems.In view of high moisture characteristics of domestic garbage,the research and development of large and efficient garbage incineration equipment with low thermal reduction rate,low pollution emission and versatility has become an important trend in this field.In this paper,the 600 t/d waste incineration grate furnace designed by Jiangsu Tianying Green Energy Equipment Co.Ltd.was used as the research object.Bed calculation software FLIC and commercial CFD software Fluent were combined for the numerical simulation of combustion in the waste incinerator.The combustion condition of municipal solid waste(MSW)of different heat values under different run parameter variables(including proportion of primary and second air,primary air temperature and primary air volume ratio)and structural parameter variables(including rear arch angle and first rear arch position)were predicted.Temperature distribution and flow field distribution inside the incinerator and gas component and pollution concentration at the exit of the flue were given.The optimal run parameter variables and structural parameter variables for incinerators incinerating waste with different heat values were obtained according to the simulation results,which provided theoretical support for equipment design and operation.To verify the simulation results,experiments were carried out on the basis of actual projects.Through the research on the optimization of the MSW incinerator,it was know that for MSW with a heat value of 6200 kJ/kg,the best proportion of primary and second air was 78.5%:21.5%.Increasing or decreasing the proportion wouldn’t improve the combustion effect.As for MSW with different heat values,raising the air temperature of the dry section and combustion section of the primary air as much as possible would improve the combustion condition in the incinerator.While as for high heat value MSW,much attention should be payed to prevent temperature excursion.The best air temperature of the dry section and combustion section of the primary air for MSW with a heat value of 6200 kJ/kg were 493 K and 458 K respectively.In addition,for MSW with different heat values,increasing the air volume ratio of combustion section properly would improve the combustion condition.Likely,temperature excursion should be prevented cautiously for MSW with high heat value.The best primary air volume ratio for MSW with a heat value of 6200 kJ/kg was 30%:50%.Through the study of the structure optimization of the MSW incinerator,it was known that increasing the angle of the rear arch with the post point of the post arch fixed had a limited ability in improving the combustion condition,while reducing the angle would deteriorate the combustion condition in the furnace.Therefore,the best design angle of the rear arch is 30?.The position of the first rear arch had little impact to the combustion condition for MSW with a heat value of 6200 kJ/kg.Moving the position of the first rear arch had a greater impact on the combustion condition for MSW with a high heat value.更多还原