【作者】 张杰；

【导师】 柳肃；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 建筑学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 明清大同城是我国古代历史上重要的军事商贸城市,其中保留至今的大量合院民居建筑是构成整个城市人文地理景观的重要组成部分。大同城合院民居不仅是容纳人类居住生活的空间构筑,而且还是反映地域历史文化的客观物质载体。对大同城合院民居进行研究,有助于我们探究和理解古代人的建筑思想、居住方式以及文化生活,同时,对于传承和保护我国传统优秀历史文化有着十分重要的意义。本文在目前学界对于合院民居的研究基础之上,聚焦于相对被前人忽视却尤为重要的大同城合院民居建筑及街坊,通过大量的实地调查与测量,充分发挥已有文献与影像资料的作用,运用历史学、考古学、地理学、统计学、建筑类型学以及社会人类学多种学科的相关理论和方法,将历史考证与逻辑分析结合起来,既注重基本原则的考察,也强调实物与个案的研究,分别从城市、街坊、建筑空间、结构建造四个不同的角度,由宏观到微观的对大同城合院民居建筑展开了深入研究。在城市尺度中,城市的空间结构受到历史文化因素的影响基本保持稳定不变;在街坊尺度中,合院民居与街坊会彼此作用相互影响,当合院民居影响较大时,会改变原有街坊形态进而影响城市的空间结构,当街坊影响较大时,会控制或引导合院建筑的组合与发展;在建筑尺度中,合院建筑的空间构成主要受到自然气候因素与社会文化因素的综合作用影响,在结构建造尺度中,合院建筑的构成主要受到自然气候因素的影响,社会文化因素与建造技术条件也是非常重要的两个方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Datong City in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is an important military trade city in the history of China.The large number of courtyard houses that have been preserved to this day constitute an important part of the cultural landscape of the entire city.The courtyard dwellings of Datong City is not only a space for accommodating human living,but also an objective material carrier reflecting regional history and culture.The Study on the dwellings of Datong City is able to help us to explore and understand the architectural thoughts,living styles and cultural life of ancient people.At the same time,it is of great significance for inheriting and protecting the traditional Chinese history and culture.Based on the current academic research on the courtyard houses,this paper focuses on the courtyard houses and blocks of Datong City that are relatively neglected by the predecessors,and through the extensive field investigation and survey,fully utilize the existing literature and photography materials,utilize archaeology,geography,statistics,architectural typology and social anthropology related theories and methods,combining historical research with logical analysis,not only paying attention to the study of basic principles,but also stressing the study of physical objects and individual cases,has carried out in-depth research on the courtyard dwellings of Datong City from four different perspectives including city,block,architectural space,structure and construction.In the urban scale,the spatial structure of the city is basically stabilized by the influence of historical and cultural factors.In the scale of the neighborhood,the residential houses and the blocks will interact with each other.When the influence of the courtyard houses is large,the block pattern will be changed and further have effects on the spatial structure of the city.When the influence of the block is large,it will control or guide the composition and development of the courtyard dwellings.In the architectural scale,the spatial composition of the courtyard dwellings is main comprehensively influenced by natural climate factors and social cultural factors.In the structure and construction scale,the composition of the courtyard building is mainly influenced by natural climate factors,but the social cultural factors and construction technical conditions are also very important aspects.更多还原