【作者】 姚远；

【导师】 杜钢建； 尹玄海；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 宪法在我国法律体系中地位最高,而且宪法在国家管理进程中更是体现出极为重要的意义以及作用,是我国特色社会主义事业持续发展的根本保障。习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中明确指出“深化依法治国实践”的一项最重要措施就是:“加强宪法实施和监督,推进合宪性审查工作,维护宪法权威。”这是“推进合宪性审查工作”第一次出现在党的正式文件中,充分体现了我们党在新时期全面深化依法治国实践这场深刻变革的决心。近年来,学术界对合宪性审查也愈加重视,以期通过大力推进合宪性审查工作,进一步促进宪法监督,维护和提高宪法权威。目前,《宪法》和《立法法》中不仅规定了合宪性审查制度的主体和审查范围,而且也对合宪性审查制度的程序作了相关规定。但是目前我国的合宪性审查制度仍存在很多问题,严重阻碍了审查进度。通过采用文献研究法和案例分析法对我国的合宪性审查制度作了分析。首先通过查阅相关文献整理了国内外关于合宪性审查制度的研究内容,此外还通过引入违宪审查的概念和意义,在此基础上对合宪性审查的含义进行界定,并对与合宪性审查相关的概念进行辨析。之后介绍了我国合宪性审查的方式,主要包括预防性审查、抽象的原则性审查以及具体的案件审查,目前合宪性审查中的核心任务是要坚持以人民代表大会体制为中心、构建合宪性审查的工作联动机制。接着通过案例,分析了我国合宪性审查制度的现状及问题。提出主要的问题包括缺乏实效的合宪性审查制度的主体、合宪性审查范围过窄、合宪性审查制度程序不完善以及宪法解释存在缺失,而产生这一问题的主要原因包括合宪性审查机关的设置不完善、对党的领导与合宪性审查的关系理解不到位以及宪法规范被视为纲领性条款。基于此,提出了改善我国合宪性审查机制的对策,主要包括加强合宪性审查机构地位、扩大合宪性审查的范围、完善合宪性审查的程序、健全宪法解释机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Constitution owns the highest status in the legal system of China and plays an extremely significant role in the process of national management.What’s more,the Constitution is the fundamental guarantee for the sustainable development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.In the report of the 19 th National Congress of the CPC,our general secretary,Xi Jinping,explicitly indicates that one of the most important measures to deepen the practice of law-based governance of the country is to strengthen the enforcement and supervision of Constitution,promote the constitutional review and maintain the authority of Constitution.In the report,the constitutional review is firstly proposed in the official documents of CPC,which reflects the determination of CPC to comprehensively deepen the practice of law-based governance of the country in the new period.In recent years,in order to further promote the supervision of Constitution,maintain and improve the authority of Constitution,the academia have paid more and more attention to the constitutional review and made great efforts to promote the constitutional review.At present,in the Constitution and the Legislation,they not only provide for the subject and review scope to the constitutional review system but also make relevant provisions for the procedure of constitutional review system.However,there are still many problems existing in the constitutional review system in China,which seriously hinders the review progress.According to the methods of literature research and case analysis,this thesis makes an analysis on the constitutional review system in our country.First of all,it looks through the documents of constitutional review system in home and abroad.In addition,by introducing the concept and meaning of unconstitutional review,this thesis defines the implication of the constitutional review and differentiates the related concepts of the constitutional review.Then,it expounds the ways of constitutional review,including the preventative review,the abstract and principled review and the review of the specific case.The core mission of the constitutional review is to persist in taking the system of people ’ s congress as the center and establishing the linkage mechanism of the constitutional review.Next,this thesis analyzes the current situation and problems of the Chinese constitutional review system by utilizing the related cases.It mainly proposes four problems.Theconstitutional review system lacks the effective subject of the constitutional review system,the scope of constitutional review is narrow,the procedure of the constitutional review system is not perfect and it is absence of the constitutional interpretation.Meanwhile,based on the analysis,it finds that these problems are mainly caused by the imperfect setup of the constitutional review authority,the insufficient understanding of the relationship between CPC and the constitutional review and regarding the Constitution norm as the programmatic clause.Finally,it puts forward some countermeasures to the improvement of the constitutional review mechanism in China such as strengthening the status of the constitutional review institutes,expanding the scope of the constitutional review,perfecting the procedure of the constitutional review and enhancing the mechanism of the constitutional interpretation.更多还原