【作者】 张赫；

【导师】 谢登科；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 认罪认罚从宽制度作为一项新近确立的司法制度,各种程序设计和制度保障仍然存在待完善之处,被追诉人撤回权就是其中之一。在刑事追诉活动中,被追诉人撤回认罪认罚会引发诉讼程序转换、证据材料需要重新评估等一系列问题,有违提高诉讼效率、优化司法资源配置的价值目标。虽然,理论界普通认为,在认罪认罚从宽制度应用过程中,赋予被追诉人撤回权具有必要性。但是,由于制度本身的矛盾性使得被追诉人撤回权在实际操作中仍然存在撤回权法律规定不清晰、权利行使难度较大以及权利救济不及时等一系列问题。因此有必要结合域外国家和地区的立法经验,结合我国司法实践,对涉及认罪认罚的被追诉人撤回权问题进行研究。本文以认罪认罚案件中被追诉人撤回权为着力点,主要从撤回权概念、价值基础、域外国家(地区)有罪答辩异议机制考察、司法实务中撤回权实践困境及完善被追诉人认罪认罚撤回权五个方面探讨撤回权的相关问题。第一部分从撤回权概念界定和撤回权权利属性两个角度对撤回权从立法和理论两个方面进行阐述。首先,修订后的《刑事诉讼法》主要从被追诉人有权撤回认罪认罚、撤回权行使后果两个方面、三个角度规定了认罪认罚案件中被追诉人撤回权。其次,理论界关于撤回权性质主要有“救济权说”和“辩护权说”两种观点。笔者认为,救济权说以权利受到侵害为前提,并不能完全解释撤回权的本质属性。作为认罪认罚案件中被追诉人的防御性权利,撤回权应当属于实体性辩护权。第二部分论述了撤回权的理论基础。撤回权的理论基础主要涉及三个方面:首先,从权利特点角度讲,认罪认罚将司法公正与人权保障价值作为其首要价值目标,并在此基础上追求诉讼效益的实现;其次,认罪认罚作为刑事诉讼契约的体现,从订约主体平等性和订约内容自由性两个方面对撤回权正当性进行论证;最后,认罪认罚作为被追诉人的权利,他既有行使权利的自由,也有放弃权利的自由,撤回权是认罪认罚自愿性的应有之义。第三部探讨了域外国家(地区)认罪协商机制的异议处理程序。整体上,域外国家(地区)在肯定控辩双方可以协商的同时,也明确只有被追诉人有权对协商内容提出异议并退出控辩合意程序的应用,检察机关应当受合意内容的约束。第四部分结合法律规定分析了当前司法实务中撤回权存在的四个问题,主要是:撤回权主体定位不清,检察机关在司法实务中也享有撤回具结合意的权利;被追诉人撤回权行使难度较大;被追诉人不再认罪认罚后,其有罪供述和由有罪供述而衍生的其它证据是否依然具有证据效力,法律和司法解释没有明确规定以及被追诉人撤回权权利行使不能得到有效法律帮助。第五部分针对司法实务中被追诉人撤回权的行使困境,提出笔者的见解。第一,在立法上明确被追诉人享有撤回权,使权利行使有法可依;第二,针对撤回权权利主体定位不清问题,结合域外国家(地区)立法经验和保障被追诉人诉讼权利,我国在规制撤回权权利主体的时候,应当明确撤回权是被追诉人专有的权利,司法机关应当受协商内容的约束;第三,明确撤回认罪认罚后的证据效力,即结合司法实务中具体情况,判断是否采纳被追诉人有罪供述和由有罪供述而衍生的其它证据;第四,规范对被追诉人撤回行为的负面法律评价;最后,从权利保障角度,保障被追诉人及时有效的获得法律帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a new judicial system,the system of leniency for admit the malefaction and accept the punishment still need to improve,including defendants’ right of withdrawal in the procedure of criminal proceedings,the defendant right of withdrawal in the system of leniency for admit the malefaction and accept the punishment will induce a series of consequences,such as the criminal procedure need to change,the judicial authority need to check out the evidence material again,which run counter to the judicial value,that the system of leniency for admit the malefaction and accept the punishment want to achieve it,including the improving judicial efficiency and optimizing the allocation of judicial resources.Although it is a common view that the right of withdrawal in the system of leniency for admit the malefaction and accept the punishment is necessary for the suspect and defendant.There are some problems about the withdrawal right in the system of leniency for admit the malefaction and accept the punishment.Such as,the subject of right for withdrawal indeterminacy,the standards of review is vague,and the confession of the defendant can’t be exclusion in the criminal procedure.So,it is very important to make a research about the defendant right of withdrawal in the case of leniency who admit the malefaction and accept the punishment.So,this thesis focus on the defendant right of withdrawal in the system of leniency for admit the malefaction and accept the punishment from five parts,such as the conception of the right of withdrawal,the theoretical principle of the right of withdrawal,the introduction about the objection procedure in the plea bargaining of internal and foreign country,the last part rebuild the right of withdrawal in the case of leniency who admit the malefaction and accept the punishment.The first part mainly introduces the right of withdrawal in the law and the nature about the right of withdrawal.Firstly,the code of criminal procedure which was revised stipulates the right of withdrawal in the system of leniency for admit the malefaction and accept the punishment from two aspects and three dimensions.Secondly,there are different viewpoint about the nature of the right of withdrawal:right of defense or relief.The author think it is improper who think the right of withdrawal is right of relief,it should belongs right of defense.The second part pays close attention to the theory foundation about the right of withdrawal.Firstly,judicial justice and assurance of human rights are the principalvalue in the system that admit the malefaction and accept the punishment,which is more important than judicial efficiency.Secondly,as a kind of criminal theory contract,parties of a contract should be equal each other and have right to decide the contents of contract;lastly,as a kind of right,the right of the defendant withdrawal are the part of voluntariness in the case who admit the malefaction and accept the punishment.The third part discuss objection procedure in the plea bargaining.As a whole,the right of withdraw is exclusive to the accused,the office of the public prosecutor should be obey the contract.The fourth part pays attention to issues in the individual cases.There are some problems about the withdrawal right in the system of leniency for admit the malefaction and accept the punishment.Such as,the subject of right for withdrawal indeterminacy;the standards of review is vague;the confession of the defendant can’t be exclusion in the criminal procedure and the defendant can’t get effectively assisted from the lawyer.So we should make a comprehensive analysis on the basis of existing system.We should improve the right of withdrawal from four aspects: the subject of the right for withdrawal,the limitation in the right of withdrawal,the transformation for proceeding and the evidence issue after the defendant who withdraw his assertion.According to the case for crown and experience of lawmaking in other countries(regions)to solve the problem in the case who admit the malefaction and accept the punishment.The fifth part makes a comprehensive analysis on the basis of existing system.Firstly,it is essential to ensure the subject of withdraw right,the right of withdraw is exclusive to the accused,and the office of the public prosecutor should be obey the contract.What’s more,if suspects enforce the right of withdraw the system of leniency for admit the malefaction and accept the punishment isn’t effective,the proceeding should be change,and the evidence issues should be re-collection;lastly,we should assure that the defendant will not get the negative effect if he withdraw from the system of leniency for admit the malefaction and accept the punishment and protect the defendant that he will get effectively assisted from lawyer.更多还原