【作者】 张蕾；

【导师】 朱长存；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 国民经济学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 在中国经济向高质量发展过渡的新时代,营商环境成为推动改革进程的重要因素迅速受到党和政府的高度关注。良好的营商环境是地方政府提升本地区实力的重要突破口,而地方政府在优化营商环境的过程中有着不可忽视的作用。本文通过比较我国营商环境的现状,发现营商环境具有明显的区域性差异,有必要探索营商环境差异背后的决定因素。因此,本文对地方政府行为的目标和约束条件进行逻辑分析后,探讨地方政府行为对营商环境的影响。首先,文章对营商环境的概念做了界定,通过逻辑分析发现在约束条件的影响下地方政府会为了实现不同的政府目标而选择不同的行为方式。然后,选择认为重要的路径来研究地方政府行为对营商环境的影响机理:地方政府为了实现职位晋升的目标会延缓市场化改革的进程,在本地区实行地方保护主义,导致当地的营商环境恶化;地方政府为了实现财政收入最大化的目标会加大招商引资、完善基础建设,使营商环境得到改善,同时也会因加重企业负担造成营商环境恶化。营商环境的优化会使政府完成政绩的同时更加关注利于经济建设的行为方式,进而在当地形成良性循环。在机理分析的基础上,本文选取2016-2017年的面板数据,采用个体固定效应模型实证分析地方政府行为对营商环境的影响。研究结果表明:(1)政府干预对营商环境的优化具有显著的抑制作用,尽管地方政府是建设营商环境的重要主导者,直接的干预仍是不可取的;(2)招商引资对营商环境的建设具有显著的正向效应,政府加大招商引资力度策略的实施有助于优化营商环境;(3)基础设施是营商环境的重要构成因素,地方政府对基础设施建设的投入对营商环境的优化具有促进作用,而用于维护城市正常运行的市政维护支出却不利于营商环境的建设,说明政府应精简人员和场地配置,提高办事效率,在保障正常运行的基础上尽可能减少这部分支出;(4)官员的晋升压力对营商环境的优化有明显的抑制作用,官员会在城市经济建设中优先考虑自己的职位升迁;(5)合理的政府非税收入对营商环境的优化具有促进作用,现阶段非税收入的征管体系并不完善,会导致企业负担加重,完善征管体系对加快营商环境的优化进程尤为重要。最后,本文针对地方政府行为提出优化营商环境的可行性建议:(1)转变政府职能,降低企业制度成本;(2)完善官员考核体系,全面评价工作成果;(3)鼓励第三方评估,建立区域评价机制;(4)因地制宜改善营商环境;(5)加快基础设施建设,实现区域均衡发展;(6)提升政策实施标准,实现公平竞争。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the new era of China’s economic transition to high-quality development,the business environment has become an important factor in promoting the reform process,and it has quickly received great attention from the party and government.A good business environment is an important breakthrough for local governments to enhance the strength of the region,and local governments have an important role to play in optimizing the business environment.By comparing the current situation of China’s business environment,this paper finds that there are obvious regional differences in business environment,and it is necessary to explore the determinants behind the differences in business environment.Therefore,after a logical analysis of the goals and constraints of local government actions,this article discusses the impact of local government actions on the business environment.First,the article defines the concept of business environment,and through logical analysis,it is found that under the influence of constraints,local governments will choose different behaviors in order to achieve different government goals.Then,choose the path that is considered important to study the mechanism of the local government’s behavior on the business environment: the local government will delay the process of market-oriented reform in order to achieve the goal of job promotion,and implement local protectionism in the region,resulting in a local business environment.Deterioration;To achieve the goal of maximizing financial revenue,local governments will increase investment and improve infrastructure to improve the business environment.At the same time,the business environment will deteriorate due to the increased burden on enterprises.The optimization of the business environment will make the government pay more attention to the behaviors that are conducive to economic construction while completing its political achievements,and then form a virtuous circle in the local area.Based on the mechanism analysis,this paper selects panel data from 2016 to 2017 and uses individual fixed-effect models to empirically analyze the impact of local government behavior on the business environment.The research results show that:(1)government intervention has a significant inhibitory effect on the optimization of the business environment.Although local governments are important leaders in building a business environment,direct intervention is still undesirable;(2)The construction of the business environment has a significant positive effect.The implementation of the government ’s strategy of increasing investment attraction will help optimize the business environment;(3)Infrastructure is an important component of the business environment,and local governments ’investment in infrastructure construction The optimization of the business environment has a promoting effect,and the municipal maintenance expenditures used to maintain the normal operation of the city are not conducive to the construction of the business environment.This shows that the government should streamline personnel and site allocation,improve work efficiency,and ensure the normal operation.Minimize this part of expenditure as much as possible;(4)The promotion pressure of officials has a significant inhibitory effect on the optimization of the business environment.Officials will give priority to their job promotion in urban economic construction;(5)Reasonable government non-tax revenue The optimization of the business environment has a promoting effect.At this stage,the collection and management system of non-tax revenue is not perfect,which will cause the burden of enterprises to increase.Improving the collection and management system is particularly important for accelerating the optimization process of the business environment.Finally,this article proposes the feasibility of optimizing the business environment for local government actions:(1)Transform government functions and reduce the cost of corporate systems;(2)Improve the official evaluation system and comprehensively evaluate the work results;(3)Encourage third-party evaluation,Establish a regional evaluation mechanism;(4)Improve business environment according to local conditions;(5)Accelerate infrastructure construction to achieve balanced regional development;(6)Improve policy implementation standards and achieve fair competition.更多还原