【作者】 王颖；

【导师】 柯阳友；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国经济的发展和城市化进程的加快,邻避设施成为全国许多城市引进的项目,主要目的是为了解决如垃圾焚烧等社会问题,适应经济发展之需要。邻避设施在给社会带来利益的同时,其自身的负外部性也常引发公众的不满,也导致了我国邻避冲突不断发生。邻避冲突的发生不仅会破坏社会秩序,加重公众对政府的不信任感,还会影响经济的持续稳定发展。因此,政府对邻避冲突的有效治理就显得尤为重要。本文主要探讨行政法视域下的邻避冲突治理。本文通过查阅国内外相关文献资料,界定了邻避相关概念,对我国政府治理邻避冲突的不同阶段进行分析。通过研究发现我国邻避冲突治理目前存在着行政决策封闭、邻避决策过程中当事人参与地位不平等、公众参与的非理性表达、治理邻避冲突的法律规定较少等问题,并且总结了我国当前邻避冲突治理中存在困难的深层次原因,包括管制行政模式导致的行政决策的封闭、公众权利意识的觉醒和对公民权利的追求导致邻避冲突数量的增加、新型媒体的传播导致扩大了邻避冲突的影响力。同时从依法行政原则、尊重和保护人权原则、信赖保护原则等行政法的基本原则的角度对政府治理邻避冲突进行全面梳理。在行政法理论的基础之上,结合了美国社区协议制度、日本充分重视居民意见相关措施、丹麦担保机制和我国台湾地区回馈金制度等邻避治理经验,为我国邻避冲突的治理提供经验借鉴。本文采取案例分析法和实证分析法,从中国裁判文书网、邻避专著及新闻报导中查找邻避冲突治理的实践案例。通过对R市核电站修建案例的回溯,讨论了事件发生的详细过程,分析出地方政府在治理邻避冲突中信息公开不彻底、公民参与度低的问题,也肯定了政府采取的主流媒体宣传、让村民实地参观等措施。本文在理论与实践相结合的基础之上寻求治理邻避冲突的有效措施,包括应明确邻避冲突中各参与主体的权利及责任,政府应当从管制行政向服务政府的理念转变,打破封闭决策的模式,拓宽公民参与的渠道,加大信息公开的力度,还应厘清经济补偿的适用标准。同时在解决邻避冲突时,还应从传统的单纯行政应对走向法律制度化的纠纷解决。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of China’s economy and the acceleration of urbanization,NIMBY facilities have been introduced into many cities in China.The main purpose is to solve social problems such as garbage incineration and meet the needs of economic development.While NIMBY facilities bring benefits to the society,their negative externalities often cause public dissatisfaction,which also leads to the constant occurrence of NIMBY conflicts in China.The occurrence of NIMBY conflict will not only destroy the social order and aggravate the public’s distrust of the government,but also affect the sustained and stable development of the economy.Therefore,it is particularly important for the government to effectively manage NIMBY conflicts.This paper mainly discusses the management of NIMBY conflict from the perspective of administrative law.This paper defines the concept of NIMBY by referring to relevant domestic and foreign literature,and analyzes the different stages of NIMBY conflict governance in China.Found adjacent to avoid conflict management in our country at present the administrative decision closed,adjacent to avoid decision status inequality of the parties involved in the process of the irrational expression,governance,public participation adjacent to avoid conflict of laws is less,and summarizes the current adjacent deep reason of difficulty in treatment of avoid conflict,including the regulation of administrative pattern led to the administrative decision of closed,the awakening of the public’s awareness of rights and the pursuit of the rights of citizens leads to an increase in the number of adjacent to avoid conflicts,the spread of the new media leads to expand the influence of adjacent to avoid conflict.At the same time,from the perspective of the basic principles of administrative law,such as the principle of administration by law,the principle of respect and protection of human rights,the principle of trust and protection,etc.On the basis of the theory of administrative law,NIMBY governance experiences such as the American community agreement system,the Japanese government paying full attention to residents’ opinions,the Danish guarantee mechanism and the Taiwan region’s compensation system are combined toprovide experience for the governance of NIMBY conflicts in China.This paper adopts case analysis and empirical analysis to find practical cases of NIMBY conflict management from Chinese judgment document network,NIMBY monographs and news reports.Based on the backtracking of the nuclear power plant construction case in R city,this paper discusses the detailed process of the incident,analyzes the problems of incomplete information disclosure and low citizen participation in the governance of NIMBY conflict by local government,and affirms the measures taken by the government,such as mainstream media propaganda and field visits by villagers.In this paper,based on the combination of theory and practice and seek effective measures to avoid conflict,including the adjacent to avoid be defined rights and responsibilities of each participation main body in the conflict,the government should shift from control administration to service government concept,break the closed decision-making mode,broadening the channels for citizen participation,strengthen the information disclosure,but should also clarify the application of the economic compensation standard.At the same time,when the NIMBY conflict is resolved,the traditional simple administrative response should be turned to legal institutionalized dispute resolution.更多还原