【作者】 刘宁；

【导师】 王景斌；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 彩票发行是增加财政收入,专门专项用于社会保障及公益建设的三方合作行为。三方合作是指政府监管、民间运营及彩民参与;其中,彩民属于行政法律关系中的第三方。既然是三方行为,政府就应当在行政法的原理和原则指导下发行彩票。具言之,彩票发行本质上是公益活动,政府除了要保证彩票销售者的营利性,更应注重维护彩票的公益属性。因此,不可避免地运用行政法原理和原则规范彩票运行。如彩票发行是一种行政许可行为;行政许可后有赖于行政处罚、行政强制等一系列行政行为。基于此,政府在三方合作过程中能否有效运用上述行政行为规范各种问题是影响彩票法治化的重要因素。互联网彩票是彩票运营的互联网化。自产生之初就在放开与禁止间徘徊反复。毋庸讳言,我国互联网彩票问题亟待治理,但“一刀切”式的禁令并非走出互联网彩票发展困境的理想路径。互联网彩票潜在的市场价值与现有的法律规制不足之间存在着巨大的张力。为消解发展过程所面临的合法性障碍,需要我们从行政法的角度出发,明晰互联网彩票的法律主体地位,并就互联网彩票的立法现状、监管困境、彩民权益保护等方面加以考量,进而从立法、实施、监管等角度构建互联网彩票政府规制的应然路径与策略。本文正文共分为四个部分。第一部分为问题涉及的概念和基本理论。该部分首先阐释了彩票和互联网彩票的相关概念,并认为互联网彩票有着以下新的法律特征,分别是信息安全的突破性、代销性、不记名性和跨地域性。进而提出公平正义、增进公益和安全有序是互联网彩票发展应当坚持的三个价值取向。第二部分为互联网彩票的发展现状及法治困境。该部分先是对国内外互联网彩票发展现状进行审视。在总结发展现状的基础上,对互联网彩票面临的法治困境作详尽的类型化分析,从而发现其在现实运行中的制度矛盾,以便为下文的互联网彩票行政法治理之道提供应对思路。第三部分是行政法规制:互联网彩票健康运行的必然选择。该部分结合上文分析,认为行政法规制既是彩票运行稳定性的现实要求,也是虚拟空间的信息不对称使然,还是平衡网彩市场公平与效率。因此,行政法规制有其必要性。此外,还需要从规制的对象、限度和方式出发确立互联网彩票行政法规制的具体思路。第四部分是互联网彩票行政法规制的对策与路径。第一,行政法规制应当坚持合法性和合理性原则;第二,从软硬法角度健全互联网彩票的立法体系;第三,针对传统监管模式之不足,提出具体的监管框架设想。第四是以大数据、区块链和人工智能等现代科技的应用创新监管方式,维护互联网彩票安全性。第五是健全制约监督和救济机制。通过上述五种方法维护互联网彩票的法治化。彩票与互联网的对接虽优势颇多,却因网络运营模式的复杂性,相较于普通彩票,面临着更多的负外部性争议和合法性挑战。若忽视这些逻辑困境将弱化彩票的国家属性和公益属性,造成互联网彩票一直在违法边缘的灰色领域发展。因此,有必要厘清互联网彩票的概念内涵,并类型化分析互联网彩票运行面临的法治困境,最终提出互联网彩票行政法规制的对策和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The issuance of lottery tickets is a tripartite cooperation that increases fiscal revenue and is specifically used for social security and public welfare construction.Tripartite cooperation refers to government supervision,private operation and lottery participation.Since it is a tripartite act,the government should issue lottery tickets under the guidance of the principles and principles of administrative law.In other words,the issuance of lottery tickets is essentially a public welfare activity.In addition to ensuring the profitability of lottery sellers,the government should also focus on maintaining the public welfare attributes of lottery tickets.Therefore,it is inevitable to use the principles and principles of administrative law to regulate the operation of lotteries.For example,the issuance of lottery tickets is an administrative permit;after the administrative permit,it depends on a series of administrative actions such as administrative punishment and administrative coercion.Based on this,whether the government can effectively use the above-mentioned administrative behavior norms in the tripartite cooperation process is an important factor affecting the operation of the lottery law.Internet lottery,as a new model of lottery operation,has been wandering between liberalization and prohibition since its inception.Needless to say,the problem of Internet lottery in China needs urgent treatment,but the "one-size-fits-all" ban is not the ideal way out of the predicament of the development of Internet lottery.There is a huge tension between the potential market value of Internet lottery and the lack of existing legal regulations.In order to eliminate the legality obstacles faced by the development process,we need to clarify the legal subject status of Internet lottery from the perspective of administrative law,and consider the status of Internet lottery legislation,the regulatory dilemma,and the protection of lottery rights and interests.,Implementation,supervision and other perspectives to build the proper path and strategy of Internet lottery government regulation.The first part is the concepts and basic theories involved.This section first explains the concepts related to lottery and Internet lottery,and believes that Internet lottery has the following new legal characteristics: breakthroughs in information security,consignment,anonymity,and cross-regionality.Furthermore,it is proposed that fairness and justice,promotion of public welfare and safety and orderliness are the three value orientations that the development of Internet lottery should adhere to.The second part is the development status of the Internet lottery and the dilemmaof the rule of law.This section first examines the current status of Internet lottery development at home and abroad.On the basis of summarizing the development status,a detailed type analysis of the dilemma of the rule of law faced by the Internet lottery was conducted to find the institutional contradictions in its actual operation in order to provide a response to the governance of the Internet lottery administrative law.The third part is the regulation of Administrative Law: the inevitable choice for the healthy operation of Internet lottery.Based on the analysis above,this part considers that regulation are not only a realistic requirement for the stability of lottery operations,but also a result of asymmetric information in the virtual space,or a fairness and efficiency in the online lottery market.Therefore,regulation are necessary.In addition,it is necessary to establish specific ideas for the administration of the Internet lottery from the object,limit and method of regulation.The fourth part is the countermeasures and ways of the administrative regulations of Internet lottery.First,the administrative regulations should adhere to the principles of legitimacy and rationality;second,improve the legislative system of Internet lottery from the perspective of soft and hard laws;and third,propose specific regulatory framework ideas for the shortcomings of the traditional regulatory model.The fourth is to maintain the security of the Internet lottery by applying innovative monitoring methods of modern technologies such as big data,blockchain and artificial intelligence.The fifth is to improve the mechanism for restricting supervision and relief.Maintain the legalization of Internet lottery through the above five methods.Although there are many advantages in the connection between lottery and Internet,due to the complexity of network operation mode,compared with or dinary lottery,lottery faces more negative externality disputes and legitimacy ch allenges.If these logical dilemmas are ignored,the national and public nature of lottery will be weakened,resulting in the development of Internet lottery in the gray area on the edge of lawlessness.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the concept and connotation of Internet lottery,and typify the legal dilemma of Internet lottery operation,and finally put forward the countermeasures and S uggestions for the Regulation of Administrative Law in Internet Lottery.更多还原