【作者】 王晶；

【导师】 高向东；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 社会保障， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 最低生活保障制度是我国一项重要的反贫困政策。党的十九大提出要“完善最低生活保障制度”,针对城市贫困群体,我国施行了城市最低生活保障制度这一反贫困政策,其中低保标准是其有效运行的关键,过高会造成福利依赖,过低则导致保障不足,其也应该随着经济发展而适当提高,这些问题的研究对优化我国低保制度具有重要意义。本研究基于区域非均衡发展理论、风险社会理论、社会正义论,基于2010年、2013年和2016年的地级市空间面板数据,采用文献研究法、对比分析法和包括变异系数、空间自相关、空间杜宾模型等在内的统计分析方法,借助Stata、GeoDa、ArcGIS、Excel等工具,对我国城市低保标准的现状、变化特征、地区差异、影响因素进行了较为深入地分析,并基于以上分析得出了优化其制度的对策与建议。通过研究得出:第一,从变化特征来看,从2010年到2016年,我国各地区的城市低保标准均出现了不同程度地上涨,且其与城镇居民人均可支配收入和人均消费性支出的比值也基本都呈现出了上升的趋势。第二,从地区差异来看,城市低保标准较低的地区集中在我国的中西部,较高的地区集中在我国的东部,尤其是长三角、珠三角、京津冀地区等。第三,从时空变化来看,城市低保标准存在正向的空间关联关系,且从2010年到2016年,其空间关联关系有所减弱,其地区间的差异也逐渐减小。第四,从影响因素来看,人均GDP、居民人均消费性支出对城市低保标准有显著的正向影响,城镇低保财政预算中央投入占比对其有显著的负向影响,人均地方公共财政收入对城市低保标准存在空间溢出效应。本文通过研究提出了优化城市低保制度的对策与建议,主要从鼓励多元力量的支出和参与、加大对中西部等地区的政策倾斜、加强各地区的空间联动发展效应、科学客观地制定低保标准、协调低保制度与其他制度等方面提出建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Minimum Living-hood Guarantee system is an important anti-poverty policy in China.The 19 th National Congress clearly proposed to improve Minimum Livinghood Guarantee.For the urban poor people,the main social assistance policy is the urban Minimum Living-hood Guarantee.Urban Minimum Living-hood Guarantee standard is very crucial for its effective operation,which too high will cause welfare dependence and too low will lead to insufficient security.It should improve with the development of economy.It is very crucial to study Minimum Living-hood Guarantee.The study based on regional unbalanced development theory,risk society theory,social justice theory and using literature research,comparative analysis and statistical analysis methods including coefficient of variation,spatial autocorrelation,spatial Doberman model,etc.,and it is with the help of Stata,geoda,ArcGIS,Excel and other tools.Based on the city panel data of 2010,2013 and 2016,the study analyzes the current situation,variation characteristics,regional differences and influence factors of the urban Minimum Living-hood Guarantee standard in China.Based on the above analysis,the study comes up with some suggestions to optimize the system.Research findings are as follows:Firstly,from the perspective of variation characteristics,from 2010 to 2016,the urban Minimum Living-hood Guarantee standard in China has risen,and its ratio to per capita disposable income and per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents has also shown an upward trend.Secondly,from the perspective of regional differences,the areas with lower urban Minimum Living-hood Guarantee standard are concentrated in the middle and west of China and the areas with higher urban Minimum Living-hood Guarantee standard are concentrated in the east of China,especially in the Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta,Beijing Tianjin Hebei region,etc.However,the regional differences are gradually decreasing.Thirdly,from the perspective of temporal and spatial changes,there is a positive spatial correlation between the urban minimum living standard,and from 2010 to 2016,the spatial correlation has weakened,and the regional differences have gradually decreased.Fourth,from the perspective of influence factors,GDP per capita and consumption expenditure per capita have a significant positive impact on the urban minimum living standard.The proportion of central input in the urban minimum living standard budget has a significant negative impact.The per capita local public financial revenue has a spatial spillover effect on the urban minimum living standard.Based on the above research,the study has come up with some suggestions to optimize the urban Minimum Living-hood Guarantee system.It is mainly from the four aspects of encouraging the expenditure and participation of multiple forces,increasing the policy inclination to the central and western region,strengthen the spatial linkage development effect of each region,scientifically and objectively formulating the Minimum Living-hood Guarantee standard and coordinating the low guarantee system and other systems.更多还原