【作者】 张进；

【导师】 胡存刚； 陶磊；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 电气工程（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着售电侧改革的不断深入和主动配电网(Active distribution network,ADN)技术的日益成熟,可以预见未来越来越多的新兴市场决策主体(以下简称多主体),如负荷聚合商(Load aggregator,LA)和微电网运营商(Microgrid operator,MGO)等,将逐渐参与到配电侧市场的电力交易中来。然而,在目前我国的大部分电力市场中广泛采用垂直一体化交易机制,而该机制无法有效的激励新兴决策主体参与市场竞争,也不利于进一步推进售电侧电力市场改革,因此研究探索新的市场交易策略机制迫在眉睫。本文基于合作博弈论研究了配电侧多主体间的P2P(Peer to peer)电能交易策略机制,这对提高市场多主体的经济效益,增强多主体参与市场的竞争积极性以及促进售电侧电力市场改革进程的稳步有序推进均具有极其重要的理论意义和实际参考价值。工作内容归纳如下:首先,对多决策主体参与下的配电侧P2P电能交易系统模型进行了介绍,包括分布式P2P交易系统结构模型、LA效益模型、MGO效益模型和社会最大化效益模型。在系统结构模型中,建立了分布式P2P电能的具体交易框架,考虑了多主体P2P电能交易过程当中存在的网络损耗问题并阐明了在建立交易模型时考虑该问题的重要性和必要性。在LA和MGO效益模型中,则分别介绍了LA与MGO的基本概念,并在此基础上建立了各主体的效益函数、主体中可控可调单元的运行约束和整个主体系统的能量平衡约束。而在LA和MGO的效益模型基础上,本章进一步建立了配电侧的社会效益最大化模型。其次,对于多决策主体间的P2P电能交易,本文明确分析了其中的共同利益和存在的利益冲突,并提出采用合作博弈中的纳什议价解(Nash bargaining solution,NBS)对多主体的P2P电能交易进行结算。而该结算方法可以公平分配配电侧多主体联盟合作带来的额外利润,在使交易主体获得帕累托最优利润的同时实现社会效益最大化。运用交替方向乘子法(Alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM)算法对多主体间的P2P电能交易进行分布式迭代求解,在此过程中交易主体间仅需交换期望的电能交易信息,从而起到减轻通信负担和保护交易主体隐私的作用。该策略在一个12×12km~2的配电网络中进行仿真验证,对比了P2P和传统电能交易下交易主体和社会的效益,仿真结果表明了该策略的正确性。最后,本文在多主体P2P电能交易中进一步考虑了配电系统具体的网架结构,提出了一种计及配电侧无功优化的多主体P2P交易日前两阶段优化调度策略。第一阶段为有功优化阶段,多主体间通过纳什议价理论进行P2P电能交易,对多决策主体中的有功变量进行优化调度;第二阶段为无功优化阶段,在第一阶段优化的基础上,以配电网系统网络损耗最小为目标,考虑配电网的具体网络潮流架构,建立基于Distflow的潮流方程并进行二阶锥优化,对多主体中的无功出力单元和配电网中的无功补偿装置进行优化调度。该策略在修改后的IEEE33节点辐射状网络中进行了仿真验证,结果表明该策略具有正确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the deepening reform of the retail side and the increasingly mature of the active distribution network(ADN)technology,it can be predicted that more and more emerging market decision entities,such as load aggregator(LA)and Microgrid operator(MGO),will gradually participate in the power trading in the distribution side market.However,the vertical integration trading mechanism is widely used in most of electricity markets of China at present,which cannot effectively encourage emerging entities to participate in market competition,and is not conducive to further promoting the reform of the electricity market on the retail side,so it is urgent to study and explore new market trading strategy mechanism.Based on the cooperative game theory,this paper studies the P2P(peer-to-peer)power trading strategy mechanism among the emerging trading entities in the distribution side,which has extremely important theoretical and practical reference value for improving the economic benefits of the market entities,enhancing the enthusiasm of the entities to participate in the market competition and promoting the steady and orderly progress of the reform of the power market in the distribution side.The work of this paper is summarized as follows:First of all,the paper introduces the P2P power trading system model of distribution side under multi-entities participation,including distributed P2P trading system structure model,LA benefit model,MGO benefit model and social maximum benefit model.In the system structure model,not only the specific trading framework of distributed P2P power is established,but the network loss in the process of P2P power trading is considered.Moreover,the importance and necessity of considering the problem are analyzed.In the benefit model of LA and MGO,the benefit function of each entities,the operation constraint of controllable adjustable unit in the market entities and the power balance constraint of the whole entities system are established respectively.Based on the benefit models of LA and MGO,this chapter further establishes the social benefit maximization model of distribution side.Secondly,this paper analyzes the common interests and conflicts in P2P power transactions between market entities,and proposes to use Nash bargaining solution(NBS)to settle power transactions.This settlement method can distribute the extra profits brought by cooperation fairly,and maximize the social benefits while making the market entities obtain Pareto optimal benefits.In this paper,the algorithm of alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)is used to solve the P2P power transaction of the market entities in a distributed iterative way.In this process,only the expected power transaction information needs to be exchanged between the market entities,so as to reduce the communication burden and protect the privacy of the entities.This strategy is verified by simulation in a 12×12 km~2distribution network,and the simulation results show that the strategy is correct.Finally,this paper further considers the specific grid structure of the distribution system in P2P power trading,and proposes a day-ahead two-stage optimal scheduling strategy.The first stage is the active power optimization stage,in which the market entities carry out P2P power transactions through the Nash bargaining theory,and optimize the active variables of the market entities;the second stage is the reactive power optimization stage.On the basis of the first stage optimization,with the objective of minimum network loss of the distribution network system,the specific network power flow structure of the distribution network is considered,and the power flow based on distflow is established The second-order cone optimization is carried out to optimize the reactive power unit in the market entities and the reactive power compensation device in the distribution network.The simulation results show that the strategy is correct in the modified IEEE33 node radial network.更多还原