【作者】 张敏；

【导师】 刘辉； 刘朝发；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 环境工程（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 煤炭资源作为主要的基础能源,推动了中国经济的快速发展。我国东部高潜水位矿区煤炭资源储量丰富,普遍具有埋藏深、煤层多、潜水位高、松散层厚等特点,煤炭资源的开采导致地表沉陷周期长、下沉系数大、地表严重积水,沉陷区土地功能严重退化,大量耕地被损毁,地表建筑物被淹没,生态系统发生转变。为了提高高潜水位采煤沉陷区水土利用率及复垦效率,本文以淮北典型高潜水位矿区为研究对象,研发了高潜水位采煤沉陷区超前治理技术;根据概率积分法地表沉陷预计模型,构建了“挖深垫浅”边界数学模型及地表高程重建模型;设计了超前治理技术施工工艺,并分别以五沟煤矿和淮北中湖复垦区进行了工程实践,分析了沉陷区复垦效果及填土沉陷规律。主要研究内容和成果如下:(1)研发了高潜水位采煤沉陷区超前治理技术。首先,在工作面开采前,根据概率积分法进行地表沉陷预计,根据地表沉陷特征,确定地表“挖深垫浅”边界数学模型,分别建立挖深区域、垫浅区域地表高程重构模型;其次,在沉陷区积水前,对地表进行地形改造,将沉陷深度较大区域土壤复垦至浅部区域,以增加沉陷区可利用土地面积;最后,待工作面开采完毕,地表积水稳定后,进行水土差异化治理和生态系统重构。通过超前治理技术的实施,可有效增加沉陷区土地复垦效率,提高沉陷区土地利用率。(2)基于概率积分法沉陷预计模型,构建了“挖深垫浅”边界方程及采前地表高程模型。以走向主断面沉陷特征为参照面,结合土方量平衡条件,推导了“挖深垫浅”边界数学模型并确定模型参数,根据“挖深垫浅”边界模型确定各区域地表高程模型;分析了下沉系数、开采影响传播角、主要影响角正切等主要地表变形参数对“挖深垫浅”边界的影响。该研究将开采沉陷理论与土地复垦工作相结合,为高潜水位采煤沉陷区“挖深垫浅”超前治理技术提供了理论指导。(3)以高潜水位采煤沉陷区超前治理技术为核心,设计了超前治理施工工艺。根据工艺原理及工法特点设计工艺流程,制定挖填施工设计与测量、陆上及水下取土施工计划,结合现场进行环境排泥、排水管线布设,对治理后的地表进行平整及绿化改造。(4)以安徽淮北矿区为研究区域,进行了高潜水位采煤沉陷区超前治理工程实践,分别研究了“挖深垫浅”超前治理复垦效果和地表沉降规律。实践表明,通过“挖深垫浅”,沉陷区内累计54.69%的土地改造为可耕种的平整地,31.55%的土地作为斜坡地进行乔灌草种植区,13.76%的积水区作为养殖区,沉陷区所有土地被利用,大大提高了土地的利用效率;“垫浅”区域沉降周期分为快速沉降期和稳定期两个阶段,平均沉降速率分别为3.9 mm/d和0.65 mm/d,快速沉降期周期约为30 d,30 d后逐渐趋于稳定,可以满足沉陷区土地复垦工作需求,为高潜水位采煤沉陷区土地复垦和生态修复提供了理论依据和技术参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the main basic energy,coal resources have promoted the rapid development of China’s economy.There are abundant coal resources in high groundwater levels mining areas in eastern China,it is generally characterized by deep burial,multiple coal seams,high groundwater levels,and thick loose layer.The exploitation of coal resources leads to a long surface subsidence period,large subsidence coefficient and serious water accumulation on the surface of the mining area.In the subsidence area,the land function is seriously degraded,a large number of cultivated land is damaged,the surface buildings are submerged,and the ecological system is transformed.In order to improve the utilization rate of soil and water and the reclamation efficiency of mining subsidence area with high groundwater levels,this paper took the typical high groundwater levels mining area of Huaibei as the research object,the advanced treatment technology of mining subsidence area with high groundwater levels was developed.Based on the subsidence prediction model of probability integral method,the boundary model of "deepdigging and shallow-filling" and the surface elevation reconstruction model were constructed.The construction technology of the advanced treatment technology of mining subsidence area with high groundwater levels was designed.The engineering practice was carried out in Wugou Coal Mine and the reclamation area of Middle Lake in Huaibei,the effect of reclamation and the law of filling subsidence were analyzed.The research content and research results of the paper mainly includes following parts:(1)The advanced treatment technology of mining subsidence area with high groundwater levels was put forward.Firstly,the probability integral method is used to predict the surface subsidence before the working face mining,in the light of the characteristics of surface subsidence,the mathematical model of the surface "deep-digging and shallow-filling" boundary is determined,the surface elevation reconstruction models of digging area and filling area are constructed.Secondly,in order to increase the available land area in the subsidence area,the land surface is reconstructed and the soil in the area with large subsidence depth was reclaimed to smaller area of subsidence.Finally,after the mining of the working face is completed and the surface water is stabilized,governance in different directions and the reconstruction of ecological system was carried out.Through the implementation of advanced treatment technology,land reclamation efficiency can be increased effectively and land utilization rate can be improved(2)On the basis of the prediction model of subsidence by probability integral method,the boundary model of "deep-digging and shallow-filling" and the surface elevation reconstruction models are constructed.The subsidence characteristics of the strike main direction was be as the reference surface,combined with the balance of earth volume,the mathematical model of "deep-digging and shallow-filling" boundary is derived and the relevant parameters are determined,the surface elevation models of each region are determined according to the boundary model of "deep-digging and shallow-filling".The influence of main surface deformation parameters,such as subsidence coefficient,mining influence propagation angle and main influence angle tangent,on the boundary of "deep-digging and shallow-filling" is analyzed.This study combines the mining subsidence theory with the land reclamation work,and provides theoretical guidance for the advanced treatment technology of "deep-digging and shallow-filling" in the subsidence area with high groundwater levels.(3)The advanced treatment technology of mining subsidence area with high groundwater levels was be as the core,construction technology is designed.Based on the process principle and the characteristics of the work method,the process flow was designed,the plan of excavation and fill construction design and survey,onshore and underwater borrowing construction was made.In combination with the site environment,mud discharge and drainage pipelines were arranged,leveling and greening transformation was implemented on the surface after treatment.(4)Based on the research background of Huaibei Coal Mine,Anhui Province,the advanced treatment technology of mining subsidence area with high groundwater levels was practiced,the effect of advanced reclamation of "deep-digging and shallow-filling" and the law of surface subsidence were studied.Practice shows that,through "deep-digging and shallow-filling",a total of 54.69% of the land in the subsidence area was transformed into arable flat land,and 31.55% of the land was used as slope land for planting trees,irrigation and grass,13.76% of the ponding area was used as breeding area,and all the land in the subsidence area was used,which greatly improved the land use efficiency.The settlement period of filling area is divided into two stages: rapid settlement period and stable period,the average settlement rate is 3.9 mm/d and 0.65 mm/d,respectively.The period of rapid settlement is about 30 d,after which it gradually tends to be stable,which can meet the needs of land reclamation in the subsidence area,it provides theoretical basis and technical reference for land reclamation and ecological restoration in mining subsidence area with high groundwater levels.更多还原