【作者】 刘立成；

【导师】 赵章焰；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 机械工程， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着岸边集装箱起重机(简称“岸桥”)的大型化发展,其结构对风荷载的敏感性不断增强。目前,岸桥在设计阶段风载荷的取值主要按照GB/T3811-2008《起重机设计规范》(简称《规范》)来确定。然而,现有的《规范》已经难以满足现阶段岸桥的设计要求,在某些情况下需要采用风洞试验进行辅助设计,而进行风洞试验所需时间长、成本高。因此,探究一种能够模拟岸桥工作风场环境的新方法来替代风洞试验,已经成为岸桥设计企业的迫切需求。同时,对现有的《规范》进行补充和改进也是岸桥设计中急需解决的问题。本文以上海振华重工集团股份有限公司(ZPMC)设计的某岸桥为研究对象,分别采用风洞试验和数值模拟方法对岸桥的风载荷进行分析,通过两者结果的对比,研究数值模拟方法的可信度,并利用数值模拟分析岸桥典型构件的风力系数取值,以及岸桥在风雨共同作用下结构所受载荷的情况。具体的研究内容如下:(1)通过岸桥风洞测力试验,获取不同工况中岸桥的三分力系数,为数值模拟结果的评估提供试验数据,并通过试验结果分析风向角、小车位置、风场环境以及前大梁状态对岸桥风载荷的影响;(2)选取工程领域常用的5种湍流模型:Standard k-ε、RNG k-ε、Realizable k-ε、Standard k-ω和SST k-ω,对岸桥的风场开展数值模拟计算,结合风洞试验数据从精度、收敛性等方面综合分析了5种湍流模型的特性。并利用数值模拟分析了岸桥模型的雷诺数效应和岸桥表面的风压分布以及流场特性,总结了岸桥风载荷数值模拟的具体方法;(3)采用数值模拟方法,研究岸桥主梁截面的风力系数。对截面的二维风场进行数值模拟,并与矩形截面进行对比,分析了两种截面风力系数的差异;对主梁截面的三维柱体风场进行分析,获取三维柱体的风力系数,对现有《规范》中风力系数的修改和补充提供了参考;(4)采用离散相理论,在岸桥风场数值模拟的基础上加入雨滴,对岸桥的风驱雨现象进行数值模拟。得到了不同直径雨滴的运动轨迹和撞击在岸桥金属结构表面的雨滴数量,并计算分析了雨滴撞击力对岸桥的影响,结果发现雨滴对岸桥的撞击载荷非常小,可以忽略不计。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the large-scale development of container cranes(referred to as "crane"),the sensitivity of its structure to wind loads is continuously enhanced.At present,the value of wind load is mainly determined according to the GB/T3811-2008 " Design Rule for Crane "(referred to as "Rule")in the design stage of the crane.However,the existing Rule has been difficult to meet the design requirements of the crane at this stage.In some cases,wind tunnel tests are needed to assist the design,but the wind tunnel test takes a long time and costs.Therefore,it has become an urgent need of crane design enterprises to explore a new method to simulate the wind farm environment of the crane to replace the wind tunnel test.At the same time,supplementing and improving the existing Rule is also an urgent problem to be solved by the crane design.This paper takes the crane designed by Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd.(ZPMC)as the research object.Wind tunnel test and numerical simulation method are used to analyze the wind load of the crane.The reliability of numerical simulation method is studied by comparing the results of the two methods.The wind coefficient of typical components of the crane and the load of the crane under the combined action of wind and rain are analyzed by numerical simulation.The specific research content is as follows:(1)Through the wind tunnel test of the crane,the three-component force coefficients of the crane under different working conditions are obtained,which provides test data for the evaluation of numerical simulation results.The effects of wind direction angle,trolley position,wind field environment and the state of the boom on the wind load of the crane are analyzed through the test results.(2)Select five turbulence models commonly used in the engineering field: Standard k-ε,RNG k-ε,Realizable k-ε,Standard k-ω and SST k-ω,and carry out numerical simulation calculation on the wind field of the crane.And combine with the wind tunnel test data comprehensively analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of five turbulence models from the aspects of accuracy and convergence.And using numerical simulation analyzes the Reynolds number effect of the crane model and the wind pressure distribution and the flow field characteristics on the surface of the crane.Finally summarizes the concrete scheme of numerical simulation of wind load of crane.(3)The wind coefficient of the boom section of the crane is studied by numerical simulation method.The two-dimensional wind field of the cross-section is simulated and compared with the rectangular cross-section,and the difference of wind coefficients between the two cross-sections is analyzed.The wind field of the threedimensional column of the boom section is analyzed,and obtain the wind coefficients of the three-dimensional column,which provides a reference for the modification and supplement of the wind coefficients in the existing Rule.(4)Based on the discrete phase theory and the numerical simulation of wind field of the crane,raindrops are added to simulate the phenomenon of wind-driven rain of the crane.The trajectories of raindrops with different diameters and the number of raindrops impacting on the metal structure surface of the crane are obtained.The impact force of raindrops on the crane is calculated.The results show that the impact load of raindrops on the crane is very small and can be neglected.更多还原