【作者】 赵立新；

【导师】 张英锋；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 学科教学（化学）（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 “物质结构与性质”模块是高中化学知识框架的重要组成部分,该模块内容在学生高中化学学习中起到奠基作用。“物质结构与性质”模块知识抽象难懂,理论性强,造成教师在该模块教学中有诸多困扰。因此,将“物质结构与性质”教学实施情况作为调查研究内容,并针对性提出一些建议。在第一章,论文综述了国内外在高中化学“物质结构与性质”教学方面的研究成果,特别是国内关于教材分析、学生学习障碍与学习困难、教学策略等方面的研究成果,提出了论文的研究问题与研究的意义,以及研究方法与研究思路。在第二章,论文简要回顾了研究教与学过程的两种理论——学习动机理论和构建主义理论;对高中化学“物质结构与性质”模块的内容和新课标的要求两个方面进行了概括;并对高中化学学科核心素养的构成和内容进行了概括。本章内容是论文对调查数据进行分析的理论基础。在第三章,论文对所使用的“调查问卷”的有关问题进行了交待。随机选取几个不同学校的几位教师做了前期访谈;在对访谈结果分析的基础上,编制了《高中化学“物质结构与性质”模块教学实施的调查问卷》。以星问卷的形式发放到唐山市各县区高中化学教师微信群里进行调查。对有效问卷数据运用统计学软件SPSS22.0进行了信度分析,其克伦巴赫系数α为0.911>0.9,信度良好,具有教育测量的使用价值。在第四章,论文对调查结果进行了分析,包括以下几方面:(1)教师对新课标认识情况。(2)教师对模块开设认识情况。(3)教师对教科书认识情况。(4)教师对教学认识情况。(5)教师对模块学习对学生影响认识。在第五章,论文对调查结果与分析进行了总结,并提出了建设性建议。调查结果与分析表明:(1)“物质结构与性质”模块开设情况良好,大多数教师认为该模块知识难度适中,有利于学生逐步形成科学的价值观。(2)大多数教师对于新课标及化学学科核心素养把握得很好。(3)在诸多影响教学困难的因素当中,大多数教师认为知识太抽象,想象不出微粒的空间构型是最困难的点。论文提出三点建设性建议:(1)学校应采取多种形式开展教师培训活动,提高教师教学能力;(2)教师应从多方面把控教学过程,采取灵活多样的教学形式提高教学效果;(3)教师应针“物质结构与性质”模块内容特点,采取积极恰当的方式方法解决教学中遇到的各种具体问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The “material structure and nature” module is an important part of high school chemistry knowledge framework,and plays a fundamental role in high school chemistry learning.The knowledge of “material structure and nature” module is abstract and hard to understand,which makes teachers have many problems in the module teaching.Therefore,the implementation of “material structure and nature”teaching is taken as the research content,and some suggestions are put forward.In the first chapter,the paper summarized the research results of “material structure and nature” teaching of senior high school chemistry at home and abroad,especially the research results of textbook analysis,students’ learning disabilities and learning difficulties,teaching strategies,etc.,and brought out the research problems,research methods and research ideas of the paper.In the second chapter,the paper briefly reviewed the two theories of teaching and learning process: learning motivation theory and constructivism theory;summarized the content of the “material structure and nature” module and the requirements of the new curriculum standard;and summarized the composition and content of the high school chemistry core literacy.The content of this chapter is the theoretical basis for the analysis of the survey data.In the third chapter,the paper explained the relevant questions of the questionnaire.Based on the analysis of the interview results,a questionnaire on the teaching implementation of “material structure and nature” module in senior high school chemistry was compiled.The questionnaire was distributed to the wechat group of senior high school chemistry teachers in each county and district of Tangshan City for investigation.Using statistical software SPSS22.0 the data reliability analysis was carried out,and the Klenbach coefficient α is 0.911(> 0.9),which shows a good reliability and usefule value of educational measurement.In the fourth chapter,the paper analyzed the survey results,including the following aspects:(1)teachers’ understanding of the new curriculum standard;(2)teachers’ understanding of module opening;(3)teachers’ understanding of textbooks;(4)teachers’ understanding of teaching;(5)teachers’ understanding of the influences of learning the module on students.In the fifth chapter,the paper summarizes the survey results and analysis,and puts forward constructive suggestions.The results show that:(1)the opening of the module of “material structure and nature” was in good condition.Most teachers thought that the difficulty of the module was moderate,which was helpful for the formation of scientific values;(2)most of the teachers had a good grasp of the new curriculum standard and the core quality of chemistry;(3)among the factors that affect teaching difficulties,most teachers thought that abstract knowledge and difficult-imagining spatial configuration of particles were the most difficult points.The paper puts forward three constructive suggestions:(1)schools should carry out teacher training activities in various forms to improve teachers’ teaching ability;(2)teachers should control the teaching process in many aspects and adopt flexible and diverse teaching forms to improve teaching effect;(3)teachers should take active and appropriate ways to solve the various problems encountered in teaching according to the content characteristics of “material structure and nature” module.更多还原