【作者】 曹玮；

【导师】 陈韵希；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 法学硕士， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 显失公平制度是我国民法中规制民事法律行为效力的重要规则。根据《中华人民共和国民法总则》第151条的规定,显失公平制度的要件包括两方面,一是一方当事人处于危困状态、缺乏判断能力等情形,二是行为内容显失公平。有关这两方面要件的设置意义、相互之间的关系及权重等问题,一直是我国学术界和司法实践中有争议的问题。由于制度要件的设计或诠释都取决于制度目标定位,本文便以剖析显失公平制度的目标定位问题为着眼点,梳理了我国有关该制度的主要学术观点和实践情况,并考察了德国、美国以及国际性统一合同法规范中平行或相似制度。在此基础上,本文认为,有关显失公平制度的目标可以有两种定位方式,一是将其定位为旨在保护当事人意思自治的意思表示瑕疵制度,二是将其定位为旨在纠正不当法律行为内容、维护公平秩序的法律行为内容规制制度。而在我国,应当采取前者的观点。从这一制度目标定位出发,在法解释上应当认为,在显失公平的主客观要件中,主观要件应占据核心位置。因此,在适用显失公平制度时,应当将主观要件是否具备作为主要判断依据,而将客观要件作为一个参考因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Obvious Unfairness Rule is an important rule to regulate the effectiveness of civil juristic in China’s civil law.According to the provisions of article 151 of the General Rules of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China,the elements of the obvious unfairness rule include two aspects.One is that one party is in trouble or lacks the ability of judgement,and the other is that the content of the civil juristic acts is unfair.The significance about these two aspects,the relationship between them and the weights have always remained the controversial issues in China’s academic circles and judicial practices.Since the design or interpretation of institutional elements depends on the target location of the system,this paper focuses on the analysis of the target orientation of the Obvious Unfairness System,sorts out the main academic views and practices related to this system in China,and investigates the similar or parallel systems in the norms of international uniform civil law existed in Germany and the U.S.A.On this basis,this paper believes that the goal of the Obvious Unfairness System can be oriented in two ways.One is to protect the party’s autonomy of will,which shows the defect system,and the other is to work as the regulation system of the content of the civil juristic acts aiming at correcting the misconduct and maintaining the fair order.In China,the former point of view should be adopted.From the target location of this system,in the interpretation of the law,it should be considered that the subjective element should occupy the core position compared with the objective one in the Obvious Unfairness System.Therefore,when we apply the fairness system,the subjective requirements should be used as the main judgment basis while the objective requirements should be taken as a reference factor.更多还原