【作者】 刘洋；

【导师】 鲁佑文；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 新闻传播学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 作为‘守门人’的主流媒体基于专业媒体的新闻选择与价值判断、伦理和社会责任,曾为公民创造了理性、共享的公共领域,逐渐形成了稳固的新闻真相传播模式与真相共识。后真相时代,网民更相信由情感和信念达成的“另类真相”,主流媒体等传统权威媒体的真实报道不再作为受众判断真相的标准,专业媒体的客观性、专业性、权威性和公信力都遭遇了前所未有的新挑战,这无疑是对主流媒体专业主义的严重消解。后真相作为当前新闻业、社会的一种突出现象,有其运行的基本规律。通过梳理大量文献,以及在对近几年社会热点网络舆情事件进行内容分析与文本分析的基础之上,总结出后真相时代下新闻业的基本特征与内在逻辑。首先从媒介、社会两个层面分析后真相时代下新闻业的环境特征,再引入“场域”理论阐述后真相时代下新闻业的生产特征,同时利用拉斯韦尔关于传播过程的5W模式为理论基础,对后真相时代下新闻业的传播特征进行研究。其次,在基于上述特征的基础上以案例分析的方法从虚假新闻泛滥、反转新闻频发、舆论审判及媒介暴力等方面具体阐述主流媒体专业主义消解的表现,然后从传播学、心理学、社会学三个角度出发,从多元利益表达的存在,媒介技术、政治与商业逻辑、网民心理以及媒体职业素养和网民媒介素养五个方面阐明后真相时代主流媒体专业主义的消解的原因。后真相时代,主流媒体依然可以通过在观念、实务、制度等层面的变革来坚守新闻专业主义的新闻追求与价值理念,如转换政府职能,建立服务型、阳光型政府,提升政府与主流媒体公信力;加大主流媒体公共领域报道力度,强化公共服务解读功能,积极回应民众关切;与新媒体实现深度融合、转变职业角色来共同形塑真相共识;以客观真实、全面的权威报道,阐发公平正义的评论观点来重新掌握真相报道与解释的话语权;以自律与他律制度的双重结合来规范媒介伦理。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the mainstream media of the ‘gatekeeper’,based on the news selection,value judgment,ethics and social responsibility of professional media,it has created a rational and shared public domain for citizens,and gradually formed a solid consensus on the truth of the news and the truth.In the post-truth era,netizens are more convinced of the "alternative truth" reached by emotions and beliefs.The real reports of traditional authoritative media such as the mainstream media are no longer used as the criteria for the audience to judge the truth.The objectivity,professionalism,authority and credibility of professional media are all encountering unprecedented new challenges,which is undoubtedly a serious disintegration of mainstream media professionalism.As a prominent phenomenon in the current journalism industry and society,the post-truth has its basic laws of operation.Based on a large amount of literature,and on the content analysis and text analysis of social hotspots in recent years,the basic characteristics and internal logic of journalism in the post-truth era are summarized.Firstly,it analyzes the environmental characteristics of journalism in the post-truth era from the perspectives of media and society,and then introduces the "field" theory to explain the production characteristics of journalism in the post-truth era.At the same time,it uses Lasver’s 5W model of the communication process.The theoretical basis,that is,the communicator,the content of communication,the channels of communication,the audience,and the effect of communication are studied in the dissemination characteristics of journalism in the post-truth era.Secondly,based on the above-mentioned characteristics,the case analysis method is used to elaborate the performance of mainstream media professionalism disintegration from the aspects of false news flooding,reversal of news,public opinion trials and media violence,and then from communication,psychology,sociology to show the existence of multi-interest expression is the root cause.Media technology,politics and business logic,netizen psychology,media professionalism and netizen media literacy clarify the reasons for the disintegration of mainstream media professionalism in the post-truth era.In the post-truth era,the mainstream media can still adhere to the core concepts and spiritual essence of journalism professionalism through changes in concepts,practices,systems,and so on.For example,transform government functions,establish a service-oriented and sunshine government,and enhance the credibility of the government and mainstream media;Intensify coverage of the mainstream media in the public sector,strengthen the interpretation of public services,and actively respond to people’s concerns;Realize deep integration with new media and change professional roles to jointly shape truth consensus;With objective,true and comprehensive authoritative reports,elucidate the opinions of fairness and justice to regain the right to speak and explain the truth;The dual combination of other legal systems regulates media ethics.更多还原