【作者】 王芳；

【导师】 陈俊芳；

【作者基本信息】 中北大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 语言与社会政治和文化的发展息息相关。词汇是语言发展中最活跃的要素。随着新事物、新思想、新现象的出现,新词便随之产生。新词是指近期出现在英汉语中的,具有新意义和新形态的词或者短语,或者是指原有的词汇,由于社会文化的发展,从而产生了新的意义或者意义发生了转移。近年来,新词的不断涌现引起了语言学者的关注。纵观国内外的相关研究,可以发现当前有关新词的研究主要集中在内部机制上,有人从认知语言学的角度对新词进行了研究,但少有人从概念转喻理论角度对英汉新词进行对比分析。基于此,本文以概念转喻理论为基础,以Radden和K?vecses(1999)在Lakoff的理想化认知模型下所建立的转喻生成机制分类为理论框架。主要探讨以下三个问题:(1)概念转喻理论对英汉新词的创造和理解有何作用?(2)英汉新词的概念转喻生成机制的异同以及原因?(3)概念转喻理论对二语学习有何启示?为解决研究问题,本文以2017年出现在英语新词网站Word Spy和Cambridge Dictionary上的英语新词及出现在《2017汉语新词语》一书中的中文新词为语料。所采取的研究方法是基于一定语料的定性分析。研究发现:(1)概念转喻作为一种认知机制,一种概念化现象,已无意识地根植于人类的思维里,它是构造英汉新词的重要方法,并且社会中出现的英汉新词大部分都可以通过概念转喻来阐释。(2)英汉新词在概念转喻生成机制上,其共性远远大于其差异性。共性的原因可归结为人类共有的认知心理。例如:英汉新词中均有:事物与其部分之间的转喻,范畴与特征之间的转喻,事件转喻,缩减转喻,行为转喻,地点转喻等,且均遵循了概念转喻的核心概念。(3)由于人们不同的文化背景、思维模式以及地理位置,英汉新词的概念转喻生成机制也有一定的差异性。事物与其部分之间的转喻中,英语新词常用整体转喻它包含的一个部分,而汉语新词常用整体转喻它包含的各个部分;事件转喻中,英语新词常用分事件转喻整体事件,而汉语新词常用整体事件转喻分事件;英语新词不涉及生产转喻,而汉语新词中有大量的产品代生产商的转喻,且大多以动物命名;汉语新词涉及符号和指称转喻,而英语新词中没有,这种概念转喻思维与汉语重意,英语重形密切相关。(4)概念转喻的认知运行机制为二语学习提供了新的视角,邻近性原则和凸显性原则有利于语音和词汇学习,语境相关性原则(同一认知域)有利于语篇学习。本研究是对新词研究和概念转喻研究方面的一个补充,不仅为今后创造和理解新词奠定了基础,也强化了概念转喻理论。此外,对二语学习也提出了新的理念,二语学习者在学习不熟悉的语言时,应该重视概念转喻的本质,并关注中西方文化差异,将这种认知机制灵活地运用到二语学习中。更多还原

【Abstract】 Language is closely related to the development of social politics and culture.Vocabulary is the most active element in language development.With the emergence of new things,new ideas and new phenomena,neologisms come into being.Neologisms refer to words or phrases with new meanings and new forms that appear in English and Chinese recently,or refer to the original words that have new meanings or have shifted meanings due to the development of social culture.In recent years,the emergence of neologisms has attracted the attention of linguists.Looking back at the relevant researches,it can be found that the current researches on neologisms are mainly focused on the internal mechanism.Some people study neologisms from the perspective of cognitive linguistics,but few people make a contrastive study of English and Chinese neologisms from the perspective of conceptual metonymy.Based on this,this thesis is based on the conceptual metonymy theory,and takes the classification of metonymy mechanisms established by Radden and K?vecses(1999)under Lakoff’s ICM as the theoretical framework.The thesis mainly discusses the following three questions:(1)What is the role of conceptual metonymy theory in creating and understanding English and Chinese neologisms?(2)What are the similarities and differences of generation mechanisms of English and Chinese neologisms based on conceptual metonymy?And what are the reasons?(3)What are the implications of conceptual metonymy theory for second language learning?In order to answer these questions,this thesis takes English neologisms and Chinese neologisms in 2017 as corpus from Word Spy,Cambridge Dictionary and《2017汉语新词语》.The research method is based on qualitative analysis of a certain corpus.The study finds that(1)Conceptual metonymy,as a cognitive mechanism and conceptualization phenomenon,has been unconsciously rooted in human thinking.It is an important method to create neologisms in English and Chinese,and most of the neologisms can be explained by conceptual metonymy.(2)The similarities of generation mechanisms of English and Chinese neologisms based on conceptualmetonymy are far greater than their differences.The reason of similarities can be attributed to the common cognitive psychology of human beings.For example,in both English and Chinese neologisms,there are thing-and-part metonymy,event metonymy,reduction metonymy,action metonymy,location metonymy and so on,all of which follow the core concept of conceptual metonymy.(3)Due to the different cultural background,thinking mode and geographical location,the generation mechanism of English and Chinese neologisms based on conceptual metonymy is also different.In thing-and-part metonymy,English neologisms usually refer to a part of them as a whole,while Chinese neologisms often refer to every part of them as a whole;in event metonymy,English neologisms often use SUBEVENT FOR WHOLE EVENT,while Chinese neologisms often use WHOLE EVENT FOR SUBEVENT;in 2017,English neologisms do not involve production metonymy,while Chinese neologisms have a large number of such metonymies,most of which are named after animals;Chinese neologisms involve sign and reference metonymy,which is not found in English neologisms.This conceptual metonymic thinking is closely related to the fact that Chinese emphasis on meaning and English emphasis on form.(4)The cognitive operation mechanism of conceptual metonymy provides a new perspective for second language learning.Contiguity principle and salience principle are conducive to phonetic and vocabulary learning,and context relevance principle(the same cognitive domain)is conducive to discourse learning.This study is a supplement to the study of neologisms and conceptual metonymy,which not only lays a foundation for the creation and understanding of neologisms in the future,but also strengthens the conceptual metonymy theory.Moreover,some new suggestions for second language learning are also put forward.When learning unfamiliar languages,second language learners should pay attention to the nature of conceptual metonymy and the cultural differences between China and the west,and apply this cognitive mechanism flexibly to second language learning.更多还原