【作者】 赵莹莹；

【导师】 郭劲光；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 区域经济学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的快速发展,贫富差距逐渐扩大,一系列不平等问题引发的社会矛盾开始凸显,解决贫困问题的困难程度也大幅度增加。提高各区域贫困治理能力、加快各区域贫困治理速度是构建各区域治理体系的题中应有之义,这也是亟待解决的一个现实性问题。与改革开放初期普遍存在的贫困现象相比,贫困治理呈现新的问题,贫困问题开始具备区域特色,即不同地区的贫困本质不同;另外,对贫困的认识也不只是局限于经济贫困,贫困的脆弱性开始受到更多关注。因此,以脆弱性贫困来衡量贫困治理效果更全面,将贫困的脆弱性和贫困治理的空间影响因素共同考虑,有助于扶贫政策的精准制定和实施,从而推动脱贫攻坚工作。本文选取贫困发生率与贫困脆弱度为产出指标,从脆弱性视角选取扶贫资金、地质灾害防治投资额、农村劳动者参与职业培训人数、城乡居民养老保险四个指标作为投入指标,通过包络数据分析法(DEA)与M指数对我国贫困治理效率进行静态与动态测度,对其贫困治理效率的趋势,及其原因进行探究,发现贫困治理效率的变化是源于贫困治理技术效率的进步与治理技术水平均的下降。同时利用Arcgis软件,通过空间自相关分析对各地区的贫困治理效率进行空间特征上的分析,发现其莫兰指数为正,且均通过显著性检验,表明区域贫困治理效率整体上是呈空间异质性的,因此可以采用空间计量模型对其进行影响因素分析。在前文结论基础上,从空间角度利用地理加权回归模型进一步对给地区的贫困治理影响因素进行分析,从人力资本因素、创新扶贫因素、社会因素三个维度选取指标,发现不同影响因素对各个地区的作用不同,并呈现一定规律性特征。具体结论如下:(1)我国脆弱性贫困视角下区域贫困治理效率大部分为“无效”,且区域贫困治理效率的变化是源于贫困治理技术效率的进步,包括治理方法、治理手段的改善,与科学技术水平均的下降双重作用影响;(2)我国脆弱性贫困视角下区域贫困治理效率具有空间自相关性,同时区域贫困治理效率在局部特征上,主要呈现三种具体形式,即高-高、低-低、高-低;(3)人力资本要素对我国区域贫困治理效率起到促进作用,每提高1个单位,则我国区域贫困治理效率平均提升0.625左右。并且呈规律性地,人力资本对各地区的贫困治理效率作用从西南地区到西北地区依次呈下降趋势;(4)创新扶贫因素对我国区域贫困治理效率的提升起到正向作用,并且从空间上来看,影响程度从东南地区到西北地区依次呈下降趋势;有效专利数对各地区的作用从东北地区到西北地区,再到东南地区呈下降趋势;(5)社会因素对我国各区域贫困治理效率起到促进作用,房地产住宅投资每提高1个单位,我国区域贫困治理效率平均提升0.56左右。从空间分布特征上来看,社会要素对西藏、新疆地区的正向促进效果较为明显,对四川、江西、贵州等中部地区的促进作用最小。针对上述结论,本文提出区域贫困治理相关政策建议:(1)充分考虑空间因素,差异化实施区域贫困治理策略。充分认识到空间特征对于区域贫困治理效率的重要影响,并且由于地理位置、区域经济发展状况、区域贫困程度等方面的差异,导致不同地区中因素对于区域贫困治理效率影响有所差异。(2)加强人力资本要素投入,提高区域贫困治理效率。首先,依据各区域特征,可通过转移劳动力就业等形式,丰富各区域贫困人口的工作机会,让更多的人口流动到劳动力市场;其次,通过组织社会培训等方式,提高人力资本的自身工作能力,创造更多劳动价值,进而提高区域贫困治理效率。(3)加强创新扶贫要素投入,提高区域贫困治理效率。首先,深入产、学、研结合的研究方式,加强科技创新扶贫的资金投入;其次,在现有创新扶贫形式基础上,充分利用各种互联网平台、新兴商业模式,激活更多创新扶贫形式。最后,依据各区域自身特征,采取不同扶贫形式,以促进提升区域贫困治理效率。(4)加强社会要素投入,提高区域贫困治理效率。首先,继续加强社会固定资产、各种基础设施的完善,保证各区域生产加速前行;其次,依据各区域特征,对重点投入的社会要素加以区分,使各区域的社会要素投入都发挥更大价值,进而提高区域贫困治理效率更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the economy,the gap between the rich and the poor has gradually widened,and the social contradictions caused by a series of inequalities have become prominent,and the problem of poverty has become a "hard bone." Improving the government’s ability to poverty governance and advancing the process of poverty governance is the proper meaning of the issue of advancing the country’s governance capacity and governance system,and it is also a realistic problem that needs to be solved urgently.Compared with the nationwide and large-scale poverty that was originally presented,poverty governance presents new problems.Regional poverty and vulnerability poverty have become the main features of poverty in China.Therefore,the effectiveness of poverty management is more comprehensive in terms of vulnerability to poverty.Considering the vulnerability of poverty and the spatial factors of poverty governance,it can help the precise formulation and implementation of poverty alleviation policies,thus promoting poverty alleviation.This paper selects the incidence of poverty and poverty vulnerability as output indicators,and selects the poverty alleviation funds,the investment amount of geological disasters,the number of rural workers participating in vocational training,and the urban and rural residents’ pension insurance as the input indicators from the perspective of vulnerability.Data analysis method(DEA)and M index provide static and dynamic measures for poverty management efficiency in China,and explore the trend of poverty management efficiency and its causes.It is found that the change of poverty management efficiency is due to the progress of poverty management technology efficiency.The decline in governance technology levels.At the same time,using Arcgis software,spatial autocorrelation analysis is used to analyze the spatial characteristics of poverty management efficiency in each region.It is found that the Moran index is positive and both pass the significance test,indicating that the regional poverty management efficiency is spatially different.Qualitative,so the spatial factor model can be used to analyze the influencing factors.On the basis of the previous conclusions,the geographically weighted regression model is used to further analyze the influencing factors of poverty management in the region,and the indicators are selected from the three dimensions of human capital factor,innovative poverty alleviation factor and social factor,and different influencing factors are found for each region.The role is different and presents certain regular characteristics.The specific conclusions are as follows:(1)from the perspective of vulnerability poverty in China,most of the regional poverty governance efficiency is "ineffective",and the change of regional poverty governance efficiency is caused by the progress of poverty governance technology efficiency,including the improvement of governance methods and means,and the decline of both scientific and technological level.(2)from the perspective of vulnerability poverty in China,regional poverty governance efficiency has spatial autocorrelation.At the same time,regional poverty governance efficiency mainly presents three specific forms in terms of local characteristics,namely,high-high,low-low and high-low.(3)human capital factors play a role in promoting the efficiency of regional poverty governance in China.For every unit increased,the efficiency of regional poverty governance in China will increase by about 0.625 on average.In addition,the effect of human capital on the efficiency of poverty control in different regions is decreasing from southwest to northwest.(4)innovative poverty alleviation factors have a positive effect on the improvement of regional poverty governance efficiency in China,and from the perspective of space,the degree of influence shows a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest.The effect of the number of valid patents on each region decreased from northeast to northwest and then to southeast.(5)social factors play a role in promoting the efficiency of poverty management in various regions of China.For every unit of real estate investment increased,the efficiency of poverty management in regions of China increased by about 0.56 on average.From the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics,social factors have the greatest promoting effect on xinjiang and xizang,and the least promoting effect on Sichuan,jiangxi,guizhouand other central regions.In view of the above conclusions,this paper proposes policy Suggestions on regional poverty governance:(1)fully consider spatial factors and implement regional poverty governance strategies in a differentiated way.It is fully aware of the important influence of spatial characteristics on the efficiency of regional poverty govermance,and due to the differences in geographical location,regional economic development status and regional poverty degree,factors in different regions have different influences on the efficiency of regional poverty governance.(2)strengthen the input of human capital factors and improve the efficiency of regional poverty management.First,according to the characteristics of each region,the employment opportunities of the poor population in each region can be enriched through labor transfer,so that more people can move to the labor market.Secondly,by organizing social training and other means,it can improve the working ability of human capital and create more labor value,so as to improve the efficiency of regional poverty management.(3)strengthen innovative input in poverty alleviation factors and improve the efficiency of regional poverty governance.First,deepen the research methods combining production,study and research,and strengthen the investment in poverty alleviation through scientific and technological innovation;Second,on the basis of existing innovative poverty alleviation forms,we should make full use of various Internet platforms and emerging business models to activate more innovative poverty alleviation forms.Finally,according to the characteristics of each region,different forms of poverty alleviation should be adopted to promote the efficiency of regional poverty governance.(4)strengthen the input of social factors and improve the efficiency of regional poverty management.First,continue to strengthen the improvement of social fixed assets and various infrastructure to ensure the acceleration of regional production;Secondly,according to the characteristics of each region,the key input of social factors is differentiated,so as to make the social input of each region play a greater role,so as to improve the efficiency of regional poverty management.更多还原