苏州市畜禽养殖存在的问题及对策

【作者】 张平；

【导师】 喻礼怀； 陆益； 魏宗友；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 农村与区域发展（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 近些年苏州地区响应国家和江苏省有关精神,先后开展了多项环保整治工作,如环太湖污染治理、畜禽养殖污染治理和“263”专项治理,取得了较好成绩。2018年以来,受非洲猪瘟疫情、猪周期波动调整和畜禽养殖整治持续影响,全国生猪产能急剧下降,猪肉供给存在很大缺口,猪肉价格不断攀升,连带着其他畜禽产品价格也不断提高。关于畜禽养殖整治、保供以及适宜发展模式成为一个热门话题。本文以常熟、太仓两市(均为苏州县级市)为例,研究分析了苏州地区畜禽养殖的现状并给出了可持续发展建议。具体如下:1、近年来,随着全市整体的经济发展和三产结构调整、城市的扩张,以及各类专项整治工作的进行,畜禽养殖业具体现状如下:(1)2013年至2018年,常熟市和太仓市的畜牧业总产值占地区生产总值比重都偏小,均未超过1%,且近两年两市畜牧业的生产为负增长。(2)虽然常熟市的养殖业规模不断缩小,但在各个规模化养殖场中,绝大部分已经建立了污染防治设施。太仓市虽然启动畜禽专项整治略晚于常熟市,但太仓市现有的龙头农牧企业,对稳定当地畜牧生产及市场畜产品供给起到较好的作用。从总体上看,常熟市和太仓市各乡镇均具备推广种养结合、循环养殖的条件和基础。2、苏州地区在畜禽污染整治方面走在了全国的前列,多数传统的、原始的养殖方式得到改善,但有效的生态健康养殖推广仍然任重道远。常熟与太仓分别于2014年,2016年前后启动畜禽养殖污染专项整治工作,效果显著。(1)常熟、太仓两市通过划定畜禽养殖禁养、限养、适养区,鼓励种养结合、废弃物综合利用等生态养殖模式。同时两市财政部门充分给予畜禽养殖污染整治的资金保障,统计显示近年来,两市生猪,奶牛、羊、家禽等存栏量显著降低。(2)以常熟国家级二花脸猪保种场和太仓东林合作农场为例,本文认为提高、运用地方品种优势模式,种养结合、循环农业模式可作为苏州地区适宜的畜禽养殖模式。3、受非洲猪瘟及土地、环评的制约,目前整个苏州地区猪肉自给率不足7%,生猪保供压力大。为完成到2020年将自给率提高到20%的计划,本文给出如下建议:(1)加强应急冷冻猪肉储备。(2)努力扩大生猪产能。(3)南北挂钩建立活猪储备体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,in response to the relevant spirit of the state and Jiangsu Province,Suzhou has carried out a number of environmental protection works,such as pollution control around Taihu Lake,livestock and poultry breeding pollution control and "263" special treatment,and achieved good results.Since 2018,affected by the epidemic situation of swine fever in Africa,the fluctuation adjustment of pig cycle and the continuous improvement of livestock and poultry breeding,the production capacity of pigs in China has declined sharply,the supply of pork is in a big gap,the price of pork has been rising,along with the prices of other livestock and poultry products.It has become a hot topic about the regulation,supply guarantee and suitable development mode of livestock and poultry breeding.In this paper,Changshu and Taicang(both Suzhou county-level cities)are taken as examples to study and analyze the current situation of livestock and poultry breeding in Suzhou area and give suggestions for sustainable development.The details are as follows:1、In recent years,with the overall economic development of the city,the adjustment of the three industry structure,the expansion of the city,and the progress of various special remediation work,the specific status of livestock and poultry breeding industry is as follows(1)From 2013 to 2018,the total output value of animal husbandry in Changshu City and Taicang City accounted for less than 1%of the total regional GDP,and the production of animal husbandry in the two cities had a negative growth in recent two years.(2)Although the scale of Changshu’s aquaculture industry continues to shrink,most of the large-scale farms have established pollution control facilities.Although Taicang started the special treatment of livestock and poultry a little later than Changshu,the existing leading agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises in Taicang play a better role in stabilizing the local animal husbandry production and the supply of livestock products in the market.On the whole,Changshu and Taicang have the conditions and foundation to promote the combination of planting and breeding and circular breeding.2、Suzhou is in the forefront of the whole country in the remediation of livestock and poultry pollution.Most of the traditional and original breeding methods have been improved,but the effective promotion of ecological health breeding still has a long way to go.Changshu and Taicang started the special remediation of livestock and poultry breeding pollution in 2014 and 2016 respectively,with remarkable results.(1)Changshu and Taicang,through the delimitation of the areas where livestock and poultry are prohibited,restricted and suitable for cultivation,encourage the combination of cultivation and breeding and the comprehensive utilization of waste.At the same time,the financial departments of the two cities fully provide financial guarantee for the pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding.Statistics show that in recent years,the number of pigs,cows,sheep,poultry and other stocks in the two cities has decreased significantly.(2)Taking Changshu state-level Erhualian pig breeding farm and Taicang Donglin cooperative farm as examples,this paper considers that improving and using the local breed advantage mode,the combination of breeding and circular agriculture mode can be used as the appropriate livestock and poultry breeding mode in Suzhou.3、Restricted by African swine fever,land and environmental impact assessment,the self-sufficiency rate of pork in Suzhou is less than 7%at present,and there is a great pressure to ensure the supply of pigs.In order to complete the plan of increasing the self-sufficiency rate to 20%by 2020,this paper gives the following suggestions:(1)Strengthen emergency frozen pork reserve.(2)Strive to expand pig production capacity.(3)Establish a live pig reserve system by linking the north and the south.更多还原