【作者】 张硕；

【导师】 孙德超；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 公共管理（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 作为公共卫生体系的重要组成部分,卫生监督在维护全体国民生命健康权益,促进社会稳定和谐中起着十分重要的作用。伴随医药卫生体制改革的不断深入,卫生监督执法工作不断完善,取得了一定的进步。然而社会经济的不断快速发展,各种危害人民群众身体健康的公共卫生事件不断发生,对人民群众的身心健康带来严重的伤害,人们对公共卫生安全事件越来越重视,对公共卫生安全的要求也越来越高,这也就要求我们要提高卫生监督工作的水平,进一步加强卫生监督执法工作,保证公共卫生安全。本文运用文献研究法、调查研究法、专家访谈法,对北京市朝阳区卫生监督执法机构设置、人员构成、执法模式、职能履行、队伍能力建设、基础资源配备等几个方面情况的进行了整体调查,摸清了北京市朝阳区卫生监督执法工作目前的整体情况。通过对朝阳区卫生和计划生育监督所现状的剖析和对相关数据的分析,总结了朝阳区卫生监督执法工作目前面临的问题,主要包括体系设计不合理,执法主体不明确、人员数量不充足,队伍结构不合理、业务用房不充足,执法设备不够用、现行法律空白多,罚款标准过低、执法领域不均衡,部门联合不顺畅、业务培训不充分,绩效考核不科学等6个方面。深入剖析了产生这些问题的原因,既有客观原因,也有朝阳区卫生和计划生育监督所自身的主观原因,主要有改革力度不够,规划设计不足、政府重视不足,支持力度不够、行政立法滞后,法制改革缓慢、岗位职责不明,工作标准不清、管理理念僵化,能力开发不足等5个方面。针对问题及产生问题的原因,在进行国内外理论研究、实践经验借鉴以及专家访谈的基础上,提出了解决问题的对策,主要包括优化卫生监督执法体系设计,明确卫生监督机构执法地位、建立动态编制供给制度,优化队伍结构和人员待遇、确保卫生监督执法财政投入,保障基础设施配备、弥补现行法律法规空白,提高违法行为处罚标准、引入风险评估机制,加大联合执法和宣传力度、强化卫生监督队伍培训力度,构建科学激励机制等6个方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important part of the public health system,health supervision plays a very important role in safeguarding the life and health rights of all citizens and promoting social stability and harmony.With the continuous deepening of the reform of the medical and health system,health supervision and law enforcement have been continuously improved,and certain progress has been made.However,the continuous and rapid development of society and economy,various public health events that endanger the health of the people continue to occur,causing serious harm to the physical and mental health of the people,and people pay more and more attention to public health safety events,The requirements are also getting higher and higher,which also requires us to improve the level of health supervision,further strengthen health supervision and law enforcement,and ensure public health safety.This article uses the literature research method,survey research method,and expert interview method to comprehensively analyze the situation of the establishment of health supervision and law enforcement agencies,personnel composition,law enforcement mode,function performance,team capacity building,and basic resource allocation in Chaoyang District,Beijing.The investigation revealed the current overall situation of health supervision and law enforcement in Chaoyang District,Beijing.Based on the analysis of the current situation of Chaoyang District Health and Family Planning Supervision Institute and the analysis of relevant data,the problems currently faced by Chaoyang District’s health supervision and law enforcement work are summarized,including the irrational system design,unclear law enforcement subjects,and insufficient staffing.The team structure is unreasonable,the business housing is insufficient,the law enforcement equipment is not enough,the existing laws are blank,the fine standards are too low,the law enforcement field is uneven,the departments are not smooth,the business training is not sufficient,and the performance evaluation is not scientific.In-depth analysis of the reasons for these problems,both objective reasons and subjective reasons of Chaoyang District Health and Family Planning Supervision Institute,mainly include insufficient reform efforts,insufficient planning and design,insufficient government attention,insufficient support,and delayed administrative legislation.There are five aspects:slow legal reform,unclear job responsibilities,unclear work standards,rigid management concepts,and insufficient capacity development.Aiming at the problem and the cause of the problem,based on the theoretical research,practical experience and expert interviews at home and abroad,the countermeasures for the problem are proposed,mainly including optimizing the design of the health supervision and law enforcement system,clarifying the law enforcement status of the health supervision agency,and establishing dynamics.Develop a supply system,optimize team structure and staff treatment,ensure financial investment in health supervision and law enforcement,ensure infrastructure facilities,fill gaps in existing laws and regulations,increase penalties for illegal acts,introduce risk assessment mechanisms,increase joint law enforcement and publicity,and strengthen health Supervising the training of the team and constructing a scientific incentive mechanism in 6 aspects.更多还原