【作者】 王宁；

【导师】 高晓露； 霍宏；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 生态环境修复是指在生态环境损害发生后,利用生态系统的自组织、自调节能力,人为采取各种必要且合理的措施来修复受到污染的自然环境、受到破坏的生态系统,使生态环境及生态系统的服务功能恢复到基线水平。生态环境修复责任是救济生态环境损害的最佳方式。党的十八大以来,我国高度重视生态环境损害问题,大力支持生态环境的保护和修复。2015年发布的《最高人民法院关于审理环境民事公益诉讼案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,该司法解释规定在生态环境损害发生后,原告请求被告恢复原状的,人民法院可以判决被告承担修复生态环境的责任。该司法解释的施行,使生态环境损害的司法实践有了许多创新,积累了宝贵经验,对于生态环境的保护和修复有极大的改善。但是最高人民法院将生态环境修复责任作为恢复原状的一种履行方式进行适用,在司法实践中产生了许多问题,环境法学界的不少学者也提出了反对意见。本文旨在研究生态环境修复责任的性质,讨论其与恢复原状有何区别,是否应当将其作为一种单独的环境民事责任进行适用。同时分析我国生态环境修复责任相关法律和司法实践中存在的问题,并探讨如何在我国更好地适用生态环境修复责任。本文研究内容主要分为四个部分:第一部分界定了生态环境修复责任的概念,其有专业性、公益性和灵活性。生态环境修复责任是保护生态环境利益的民事责任,也是救济生态环境损害的侵权责任。生态环境修复责任具有惩罚责任主体、保护责任客体的功能。第二部分论述了将生态环境修复责任作为一种单独的环境民事责任进行适用的必要性和可行性。恢复原状不能完全涵盖生态环境修复责任,其在生态环境损害案件中有很大局限性,因此有必要将生态环境修复责任作为单独的责任进行适用。我国目前已经具备将生态环境修复责任单独适用的法律基础和司法实践基础。第三部分分析了目前我国生态环境修复责任相关的法律和司法实践中存在的问题。在法律方面,生态环境修复责任缺乏法律层面的依据;在司法实践中,生态环境修复责任的认定标准不明确,生态环境修复责任的承担方式不合理,生态环境修复责任的履行缺乏监管。第四部分提出在我国将生态环境修复责任作为一种独立的环境民事责任进行适用的建议。在法律层面,应在民法中对生态环境修复责任加以明确规定;在司法层面,应明确生态环境修复责任的认定标准,优化生态环境修复责任的承担方式,加强对生态环境修复责任履行的监管。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecological environment restoration refers to the restoration of polluted natural environment and damaged ecological system by taking various necessary and reasonable measures to restore the ecological environment and the service function of the ecological system to the baseline level by utilizing the self-organization and self-regulation capability of the ecological system after the ecological environment damage occurs.The responsibility of ecological environment restoration is the best way to relieve ecological environment damage.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China has attached great importance to the problem of ecological environment damage and strongly supported the protection and restoration of the ecological environment.The Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Hearing Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Cases,issued in 2015,stipulates that if the plaintiff requests the defendant to restore the original state after the occurrence of ecological environment damage,the people’s court may judge the defendant to assume the responsibility of restoring the ecological environment.The implementation of this judicial interpretation has made many innovations in the judicial practice of ecological environment damage,accumulated valuable experience,and greatly improved the protection and restoration of ecological environment.However,the Supreme People’s Court has applied the responsibility of ecological environment restoration as a way to restore the original state.Many problems have arisen in judicial practice and many scholars in the field of environmental law have also raised objections.The purpose of this article is to study the nature of ecological environmental restoration responsibility,discuss the difference between it and restitution,and whether it should be applied as a separate environmental civil liability.At the same time,it analyzes the problems existing in the relevant laws and judicial practices of China’s ecological environment restoration responsibility,and discusses how to better apply the ecological environment restoration responsibility in China.The research content of this paper is mainly divided into four parts:The first part defines the concept of ecological environment restoration responsibility,which is professional,public welfare and flexible.The responsibility of ecological environment restoration is not only a civil responsibility to protect the interests of ecological environment,but also a tort responsibility to relieve the damages of ecological environment.The responsibility of ecological environment restoration has the function of punishing the responsible subject and protecting the responsible object.The second part discusses the necessity and feasibility of applying the ecological environmental restoration responsibility as a separate environmental civil responsibility.Restitution cannot completely cover the responsibility of ecological environment restoration,which has great limitations in cases of ecological environment damage.Therefore,it is necessary to apply the responsibility of ecological environment restoration as a separate responsibility.At present,our country already has the legal basis and the judicial practice basis to apply the ecological environment restoration responsibility separately.The third part analyzes the problems existing in the legal and judicial practice related to the responsibility of ecological environment restoration in our country.In terms of law,the responsibility of ecological environment restoration lacks legal basis.In judicial practice,the criteria for determining the responsibility for ecological environment restoration are not clear,the way of assuming the responsibility for ecological environment restoration is unreasonable,and the implementation of the responsibility for ecological environment restoration lacks supervision.The fourth part puts forward some suggestions on the application of ecological environmental restoration liability as an independent environmental civil liability in our country.At the legal level,the responsibility for ecological environment restoration should be clearly stipulated in the civil law.At the judicial level,we should clearly define the criteria for determining the responsibility for ecological restoration,optimize the way in which the responsibility for ecological restoration is assumed,and strengthen the supervision over the performance of the responsibility for ecological restoration.更多还原