【作者】 王静；

【导师】 霍涌泉；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 应用心理学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 物质主义(materialism)作为一种个人价值观,主要聚焦于拥有物质财富的重要性。在人类社会物质文明日新月异飞速繁荣发展的当今时代,我国国民的物质主义倾向尤为凸显,尤其对于青少年这一群体已成为一种普遍的现象。已有研究表明,物质主义倾向的个体,往往过度关注对物品和金钱,而会削弱其社会责任意识,并抑制亲社会行为和活动的发生。然而,亲环境行为作为亲社会行为的一种特殊形式的存在,与他人、群体和组织的福祉和利益息息相关,主要源于对人们赋有良好的社会责任感。近年来,伴随着工业化社会发展,环境破坏层出不穷,环保问题日益突出,如何保护环境成为全球关注的焦点。因而探索物质主义价值观与亲环境行为之间的关系,明晰其中心理作用机制,并开展针对性的干预,提高个体参加亲环境活动的水平十分必要。基于此,本文通过问卷法和实验研究方法相结合,逐步递进考察了个体物质主义价值观与亲环境行为的关系,以及自然联结在物质主义价值观与亲环境行为之间所起的中介作用,最后探讨了提升自然联结对物质主义负面效应的短暂缓解干预作用。研究一,采用横断问卷法,以277名大学生为被试,探究了当代大学生物质主义价值观和亲环境行为的相关关系,以及自然联结的中介作用。结果发现,高物质主义大学生相比较于低物质主义大学生有更低的亲环境行为,并且自然联结在物质主义价值观与亲环境行为之间的中介效应显著。研究二,采用实验法进一步探究物质主义和亲环境行为之间的因果关系,以及自然联结在物质主义影响亲环境行为过程中起到的中介作用。本研究招募大学生被试62人,随机分成两个组,采用图片启动法让一组被试感知较高的物质主义水平,而另一组被试为控制组。结果表明,相比较于控制组,物质主义启动组被试对亲环境行为表现更加消极的态度,而自然联结在物质主义倾向和亲环境行为之间的中介效应显著。个体的物质主义倾向越低,自然联结水平越高,亲环境行为倾向也就越高。研究三,在前两个研究的基础上,继而探究了提高自然联结对高物质主义倾向者亲环境行为负面效应的缓解干预作用。主要采用大学生物质主义价值观问卷筛选出高和低两种水平的物质主义倾向被试,分别是63人、61人。将具有不同水平的物质主义价值观被试随机分成两组,分别参加自然接触组和无自然接触组,最后测量所有被试的亲环境水平。研究结果表明,高物质主义被试中,经过自然接触组的被试亲环境行为高于无自然接触组;而低物质主义的被试中,自然接触组和无自然接触组的亲环境行为无显著差异。本文用三个研究从物质主义价值观的视角来考察大学生的亲环境行为水平,系统的阐释了其中的作用机制,并尝试提出合理科学的缓解方法,为促进和鼓励追求更多的亲环境活动提供了借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Materialism,as a personal value,focuses on the importance of possessing material wealth.In the current era of rapid development of material civilization in human society,the materialist tendencies of our nationals are particularly prominent,especially for the group of adolescents.Some studies have shown that individuals with materialistic tendencies tend to pay too much attention to objects and money,but weaken their sense of social responsibility and inhibit the occurrence of prosocial behaviors and activities.However,the existence of pro-environmental behavior as a special form of prosocial behavior is closely related to the well-being and interests of others,groups and organizations,mainly due to the good social responsibility of people.In recent years,along with the development of industrialized society,environmental damage has emerged in an endless stream,and environmental protection issues have become increasingly prominent.How to protect the environment has become the focus of global attention.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the relationship between materialistic values and environmentally friendly behaviors,and clarify the psychological mechanism of action,which could contribute to carry out targeted interventions for improving the level of individuals participating in environmental activities.Based on this,through the combination of relevant and experimental research methods,this paper gradually examines the relationship between materialistic values and individual pro-environment behavior,and the mediating role of natural connection between materialistic values and pro-environment behavior.Finally,it explores the short-term mitigation of the negative effects of enhancing natural connection on materialism.In the first study,277 college students were recruited to explore the relationship between materialism values and environmental behaviors of contemporary college students,and the mediating role of natural connections.It was found that high materialist college students have lower environmental behavior than low-substance college students,and the mediating effect of natural connection between materialistic values and environmentally friendly behavior is significant.In the second study,the experimental method was used to further explore the causal relationship between materialism and environmentally friendly behavior,and the mediating role of natural connection in the process of materialistic values affecting environmentally friendly behavior.In this study,62 students were recruited and randomly divided into two groups.The picture-initiating method was used to make a group of subjects perceive a higher level of materialism,while the other group was a control group.The results showed that compared with the control group,the materialistic initiation group had a more negative attitude toward environmental behavior,while the natural connection had a significant mediating effect between materialism and environmental behavior.The lower the individual’s materialistic tendency,the higher the level of natural connection,and the higher the tendency of environmentally friendly behavior.In the third study,the questionnaire of College Students’ materialistic values was used to screen out the subjects with high and low levels of materialistic tendencies,and to explore the mitigation and intervention effects of improving natural connection on the negative effects of pro-environment behavior of high materialistic tendencies.Subjects with different levels of materialistic values were randomly divided into two groups.They participated in the natural contact group and the non-natural contact group respectively.Finally,the pro-environment level of all subjects was measured.The results showed that the pro-environmental behavior of students in the natural contact group is higher than that in the non-natural contact group in the high materialism subjects,while there is no significant difference between the natural contact group and the non-natural contact group in the low materialism students.This paper examines the level of pro-environment behavior of college students from the perspective of materialist values,systematically explains its mechanism,and tries to put forward reasonable and scientific mitigation methods,which can provide reference for promoting and encouraging more pro-environment activities.更多还原