【作者】 王柯；

【导师】 邱延峻； 徐文源；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 交通运输工程（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国经济的不断发展,生态环境保护工程和绿色景观工程已经成为工程项目必须面对的重要实施部分,工程实施中的生态环境保护环节已经日益得到重视。近年来,随着“一带一路”国家战略的不断推进,公路的大规模新建必然会产生大量的开挖和回填,特别是在生态系统脆弱的西南部山区,地势起伏大,护坡的大量实施容易破坏了原有植被的生态系统,公路新建受到生态环境保护方面的压力越来越大。因此,如何修建安全、满足交通功能要求和环境保护要求的公路已经成为公路工程中亟待研究和攻克的现状难题。针对现状公路在保护环境、行车视觉舒适性、改善公路地基稳定性和安全性方面的不足,为解决多山地区护坡种类繁多,生态环境脆弱,雨水充足,土质松软导致护坡安全性和生态性不足的现状问题。本文就公路使用的几种典型生态护坡进行分析,从雨水入渗对地基安全性影响、植被生态系统形成过程以及实际工程效果来系统研究不同生态护坡的适应范围,研究重点主要从以下方面进行:(1)护坡发生重大地质灾害主要是在暴雨发生过程中,因此,本次研究降雨过程中不同生态护坡对雨水入渗情况,主要从降雨强度和降雨时间来分析雨水入渗对公路地基含水率分布影响;(2)生态护坡形成过程也就是生态系统中地被、灌木和乔木生长的过程,考虑到试验时间有限,仅研究生态系统中地被和灌木植物生长过程,通过分析生态系统中植物的生长情况和植被的分布情况,得出不同生态护坡植被优选方案;(3)通过工程实际案例,采取控制变量法研究不同参数变化对路堤稳定安全系数的影响,分析工程实施过程中的护坡类型、排水设计、植物配比来得出工程适用范围和最优工程参数。通过以上研究,得出主要结论:(1)雨水在边坡的浸润线均不平行于边坡线,呈现上浅下深的规律,这说明边坡下部除直接受雨水的垂直入渗外,还将接受底部蓄积雨水的水平入渗,从而导致地基底部强度降低,严重威胁地基的稳定性,因此需对蓄积雨水及时排出,降低灾害发生的可能性。(2)从不同护坡对雨水入渗的试验结果表明,生态格室护坡能够较好地生长植草,同时生态格室能够快捷排出雨水,地基对雨水入渗有较好的抵抗性能,因此相较而言,生态格室兼具了绿化美观性能和地基稳定性能。(3)长时间的强降雨对于护坡的稳定性有较严重的危害性,实际工程中有必要在恶劣气候发生时采取人工巡检措施,保障雨水排出顺畅,对可能发生地质灾害地段采取临时警戒和抢救措施。(4)生态护坡形成过程中,幼苗2月栽种,前两月处于适应期,其生长速率基本停滞,5~7月份生长速率逐渐提高,7月份后由于夏季高温及冬季低温导致其生长速率逐渐降低,栽种的鸢尾和白三叶基本枯死,可见由于生态护坡初期大型乔木生长缓慢,种植的灌木和乔木需耐高温。(5)不同生态护坡形成稳定的生态系统需2年以上,土工布生态护坡中野生植物占比最少,生态网生态护坡和植草护坡野生植物占比较多,因此考虑到景观效果作用的建议采用土工布生态护坡,考虑经济性和实用性,建议采用生态网生态护坡和植草护坡。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous development of China’s economy,ecological environmental protection projects and green landscape projects have become an important part of the implementation of engineering projects which we must face,ecological environmental protection link has been increasingly valued in the implementation.In recent years,with the advancement of "area" national strategy,mass new road will inevitably produce a large amount of excavation and backfill,especially in the fragile ecological system of the northwest mountainous area,the terrain ups and downs,to the large number of implementation of slope protection,destroyed the original vegetation ecosystem,highway construction under the protection of the ecological environment pressure is more and more big.Therefore,how to build safe,meet the traffic function requirements and environmental protection requirements of highway has become an urgent problem to be studied and overcome in municipal highway engineering.In view of the current situation of highway in the protection of the environment,driving visual comfort,improve the stability and safety of highway foundation,in order to solve the mountainous areas of sichuan slope protection of a variety of types,fragile ecological environment,adequate rainfall,soft soil resulting in slope protection safety and ecological problems.Based on the analysis of several typical ecological slope protection used in highway,this paper systematically studies the adaptive range of different ecological slope protection from the influence of rainwater infiltration on foundation safety,the formation process of vegetation ecosystem and the actual engineering effect.The research focuses mainly on the following aspects:(1)the major geological disasters occurring in slope protection are mainly in the process of rainstorm.Therefore,in this study,the influence of different ecological slope protection on rainwater infiltration in the process of rainfall was analyzed from the perspective of rainfall intensity and rainfall time.(2)in the process of ecological slope protection is a ecosystem,shrubs and trees growth process,considering the test time is limited,only the ecosystem and shrub plant growth process,through the analysis of the ecological system in plant growth and the distribution of vegetation and different vegetation ecological slope protection solutions;(3)according to the actual engineering cases,studying the influence of different parameters on the safety factor of embankment stability by controlling variable method,the types of slope protection,drainage design and plant proportion in the implementation of slope protection during the implementation of the project are analyzed to obtain the applicable scope of the project and the optimal engineering parameters.Main conclusions are drawn from the above research:(1)the rain on the slope of the saturation line are not parallel analysis,and presents the shallow deep under the law,this suggests that the lower part of slope in addition to the vertical directly collect rainwater infiltration,also will accept the bottom level of accumulation of rainwater infiltration,which results in the decrease of strength of foundation bottom,a serious threat to the stability of the foundation,therefore need to collect water discharge in time,reduce the possibility of disasters.(2)according to the test results of different slope protection on rainwater infiltration,the ecological compartment slope protection can grow grass better,and at the same time,the ecological compartment can quickly discharge rainwater,and the foundation has a good resistance to rainwater infiltration performance.Therefore,compared with the ecological compartment,it has both the greening aesthetic performance and the foundation stability performance.(3)heavy rainfall for a long time has serious harm to the stability of slope protection.In practical projects,it is necessary to take manual inspection measures in case of severe weather to ensure the smooth discharge of rainwater and take temporary warning and rescue measures for possible geological disaster areas.(4)during the formation of ecological slope protection,seedlings were planted in February,and the first two months were in the adaptation period,and their growth rate basically stopped;From may to July,the growth rate gradually increased.After July,due to the high temperature in summer and low temperature in winter,the growth rate gradually decreased.The iris and white trifolia planted basically died out.(5)different ecological slope protection to form stable ecological system to be more than 2 years,geotextile than minimum ecological slope protection of wild plants,ecological network ecological slope protection and planting grass slope protection of wild plants is more,so considering the role of landscape effect of the geotextile in the recommended ecological slope protection,economy and practicability,the proposal USES ecological ecological slope protection and planting grass slope protection.更多还原