【作者】 李玲；

【导师】 支宇；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 中国语言文学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 雅克·朗西埃(Jacques Rancière)后期的研究由政治哲学领域转向了文学、艺术领域,朗西埃选取了多个文学家、艺术家以及不同的文本、场景进行了分析,去呈现多种可能性,斯特芳·马拉美(Stéphane Mallarmé),就是朗西埃最常阐释、引用的对象,给予了朗西埃重要启发,覆盖了朗西埃学术理论当中的数个关键概念。通过对马拉美诗歌进行阐释,朗西埃认为马拉美的诗学是一种“神秘诗学”,读懂马拉美的关键在于理解诗歌内容的“双重假设”(alternative)。诗人就像是那狡猾、行踪神秘的塞壬,他们写的诗歌就像是扇子一样,其神秘意义存在于它的褶皱之中,是空无也是无限(rien et l’infini)。同时,对比妥协的瓦格纳创造出的音乐剧,马拉美坚持诗歌、音乐的抽象性、神秘性,马拉美所认同的新的宗教是音乐教。通过对马拉美的两篇散文《冲突》(Conflit)和《对抗》(Confrontation)进行阐释,朗西埃认为工人和诗人互为“闯入者”,他们作为平等的主体不应该被区分。“闯入者的政治”不是行动主体的政治介入,作为闯入者的文学本身就是一种政治,这是“文学的政治”。马拉美的政治不是指马拉美对政治的介入,而是说马拉美的写作本身就关乎政治。除了对马拉美的文学作品进行阐释,朗西埃还讨论了在艺术领域,马拉美所抽象提取出来的“类型”(types)、“图式”(aspects)等概念,这些概念给了朗西埃以“艺术的政治”的启发。“类型”是一种简化的形式,是对艺术等级的断裂,而设计、艺术的表面是平等的表面;“图式”概念意味着一种新的虚构,新的虚构不是关于情节的虚构,而是一种形式。同时,朗西埃还坚持各种艺术门类之间不应该是自治的,而应该是开放的、平等的。朗西埃对马拉美的阐释表面上是对文学、艺术的批评,而他从当中得到的启发却无时无刻不在回应政治,我们称之为“审美的政治”。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jacques Rancière’s later research turns from the field of political philosophy to the field of literature and art.He selects a number of writers and artists,as well as different texts and scenes,for analysis to present a variety of possibilities.Stéphane Mallarmé is the object most often interpreted and quoted by Rancière,which gives him important inspirations covering several key concepts in his academic theories.Through the interpretation of Mallarmé’s poetries,Rancière believes that Mallarmé’s poetics is “poetics of mystery”,and the key to understanding Mallarmé is to understand the double assumptions of the poetries’ contents.Poets are like the cunning and mysterious sirens,and the poems he writes are like fans,whose mysterious meaning lies in its folds: nothing and infinity.At the same time,comparing with the musicals created by compromised Wagner,Mallarmé insists on the abstractness and mystery of the poetry and music.The new religion that Mallarmé identifies with is the music religion.By explaining the two works of Mallarmé,Conflit and Confrontation,Rancière argues that workers and poets are each other’s “intruders”,and that as equal subjects,they should not be distinguished.“The politics of the intruder” is not a political intervention of the subjects,but as an intruder,literature is a form of politics,which is the politics of literature.Mallarmé’ politics is not Mallarmé’s involvement in politics,but Mallarmé’s writing itself is about politics.In addition to the interpretation of Mallarmé’s literary works,Rancière also discusses the concepts of “types” and “aspects” abstractly extracted by Mallarmé in the field of art,which inspire him with “the politics of art”.“Types” is a simplified form,which is a rupture of hierarchy of genres,while the surface of design and art is an equal surface.“Aspects” means a new kind of fiction,and the new fiction is not the fiction about the plot,but a kind of form.At the same time,Rancière also insists that all kinds of arts should not be autonomous,but open and equal.Jacques Rancière’s interpretation of Mallarmé is ostensibly a criticism of literature and art,but the inspiration he gets from it is always in response to politics,which we call “politics of the aesthetic”.更多还原