【作者】 王晶；

【导师】 图力古尔； 王向华；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 菌类作物， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 红菇属是红菇科的模式属,也是该科中包含种类最多的属,广布于热带至寒带,与松科、壳斗科、桦木科、龙脑香科、桃金娘科、胡桃科等多种植物形成外生菌根。红菇属的部分种具有较高的食药用价值,少数种有毒,个别种剧毒,中毒严重者会导致死亡。红菇在云南野生菌市场上占有较大比例,因此红菇的正确识别鉴定对食品安全具有重要意义。2017?2018年间赴云南省马关县、文山县、景东县、禄劝县、南华县等地采集红菇属标本422份,其中68份采自市场。采用现代伞菌分类学研究方法和对真菌条形码片段核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS)进行邻接法分析进行物种识别;利用3个基因片段核糖体大亚基的D1?D2区(28S)、RNA聚合酶II第二大亚基的6–7区域(rpb2)和翻译延长因子1?α(tef1)采用最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建系统发育树,确定代表物种的系统位置。鉴定出30个种,其中12个种在市场上出售,另18个种中的6个种为食用菌。发现9个新种,深红红菇R.atrorubra、大红菌R.dahongjun、灰黑红菇R.griseonigricans、火炭菌R.huotanjun、紫黄红菇R.lilaceoxantha、马关红菇R.maguanensis、近条纹红菇R.substriata、红边红菇R.rubrimarginata、中华皮氏红菇R.sinopeckii;中国新记录种5个:金红红菇R.aureorubra、近似密集红菇R.compactoides、达库瑞红菇R.dhakuriana、克孜红菇R.kewzingensis、假密集红菇R.pseudocompacta,等确定身份的系统分支47个。这些物种归属于4个亚属:致密亚属(R.subg.Compactae)、异褶亚属(R.subg.Heterophyllidia)、臭味亚属(R.subg.Malodora)和红菇亚属(R.subg.Russula)。对每个种进行了外观和显微特征的描述,提供了子实体彩色照片、孢子光学显微照片或扫描电镜照片和担子、囊状体的线条图。ITS序列和形态特征表明,云南野生菌市场上存在着大量有待描述的红菇属新物种,其多样性的真实面貌还需要进一步探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 Russula,type genus of Russulaceae,is the biggest genus of the family.Species of the genus are widely distributed from the tropics to cold climatic zones,and form ectomycorrhizae with with various plants,including Betulaceae,Fabaceae,Fagaceae,Junglandaceae,Pinaceae and Myrtaceae.Many species of Russula have gourmet and medicinal value,some toxic and a few deadly poisonous.Russulas are one of the most dominant groups commercialized in Yunnan markets.Accurate recognition of Russula species in Yunnan is of great significance for food safety.From 2017 to 2018,422 Russula specimens were collected in the counties of Jingdong,Luquan,Maguan,Nanhua and Wenshan,Yunnan Province,among which 68 specimens were collected from markets.To delimit species,morphology was studied using modern taxonomic method of agarics and the fungal bar-code internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA(ITS)was analyzed using Neighbor-Joining method.Three loci,D1?D2 domains of nuc 28 S rDNA(28S),part of the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II(rpb2)(6–7 region)and translation elongation factor 1-alpha(tef1)were analyzed using Maximum Liklihood and Bayesian Inference to infer the phylogenetic positions of the representative species.A total of 30 species were identified,among which 12 were sold on markets and six of the other 18 species are edible.Nine species are new to science: i.e.R.atrorubra,R.dahongjun,R.griseonigricans,R.huotanjun,R.lilaceoxantha,R.maguanensis,R.rubrimaginata,R.sinopeckii and R.substriata,five new to China,i.e.R.aureorubra,R.compactoides,R.dhakuriana,R.kewzingensis and R.pseudocompacta.These species belong to four subgenera,i.e.Subg.Compactae,Subg.Heterophyllidia,Subg.Malodora and Subg.Russula.A key for recognizing subgenera and species is given.Detailed morphological descriptions,color photos of fruiting bodies,Scanning-Electronic-Microscopy photos of basidiospores and line drawings of microscopical characters are provided for each species.ITS sequences and morphological characters suggest that a large number of Russula species in Yunnan are potential new taxa.The real diversity of this group needs further investigating.更多还原