【作者】 李连强；

【导师】 范安辉；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 体育高考是我国优秀体育人才脱颖而出继续深造的重要选拔方式。目前对我国高校体育类招生专业考试的研究主要集中在体育招生考试的发展进程、项目设定和评分标准以及专项训练上。本研究以2017—2018年度重庆市体育高考田径专项考生考试成绩为研究对象,通过文献资料法、实地调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法,对考生成绩进行数理分析。旨在:帮助普通高中基层教练及时了解田径专项考生成绩的基本情况,进而拟定更为适宜的训练计划,能够尽早的为优秀体育人才进行科学训练,提高体育考试成绩。本研究主要通过对田径专项考生进行身体素质成绩(100米、800米、原地向前掷实心球和立定跳远)、专项(200米/400米/跳远)成绩的描述性分析,进一步分析身体素质成绩与专项成绩的相关性以及专项之间的难度、区分度。因此,田径专项考生训练策略应根据专项相关项群结合难度系数进行专项选择;对训练负荷个性化原则进行梳理;对年度训练计划和周训练计划进行缜密规划;按项群制定训练手段和方法。研究结论:1.2017年、2018年田径专项考生身体素质项目成绩分布呈现偏态分布(均呈负偏离,偏离系数均小于0),男女800米和原定向前掷实心球项目成绩的平均值较低;除2017年女子立定跳远项目成绩较男子要高以外,男子身体素质项目成绩平均分均比女子高。因此,对田径专项考生训练周期进行规划时应增大耐力和力量的训练比重,并对女子训练负荷做针对性安排。2.2017年、2018年田径专项考生各专项成绩位于7分数段以下的人数占该年该专项的28.2%-38.9%,有28.2%-38.9%的考生专项选择存在不合理性,在训练过程中考生应根据自身条件选择考试专项。3.身体素质100米和800米成绩与专项200米和400米成绩相关性高;身体素质100米成绩和立定跳远成绩与专项跳远成绩相关性高,且专项成绩均表现出较好的区分度,男女的难度系数存在差异性,差异性结果导致男子专项较女子更容易得高分。考生应结合考试项目项群的相关性和专项难度系数优化专项选择,并通过考试项目的关联性将其分类,制定具体的训练方法和手段,以达到优化专项训练的目标。建议:1.普通高中基层教练和考生加强对田径专项项目的了解,按考生实际情况规划训练内容,以及在训练负荷上应结合男女具体情况进行负荷安排,使训练队伍的整体水平得到提升。2.专项测试成绩位于7分数段以下的考生,应结合难度系数和考生自身特点进行专项选择,以实现考生考试成绩能达到7分数段以上,为总分做出较大贡献。3.考试项目按速度类、耐力类和快速力量类进行分类制定训练方法和手段,在训练指导上做到因材施教为考生提供更为多样的考试专项选择,以提升训练的整体效果,使考生的整体成绩得以提高。研究特点是由考试成绩的分析结果结合训练策略进行研究,进一步为重庆市体育高考田径专项考生提出科学、合理的训练策略,为普通高中基层教练提供理论依据和参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The college entrance examination for sports is an important selection method for outstanding sports talents in China to continue their studies.At present,the research on the entrance examination mainly focuses on its development process,project setting and scoring standards,and special training,with the research object taken from the test results of candidates for the track and field examinations of the Chongqing Physical Education College Entrance Examination in 2017-2018.Through the literature data method,the field investigation method,the expert interview method,and the mathematical statistics method,the scores of the candidates are analyzed mathematically.The aim is to help the general high school grassroots coaches understand the basic situation of the track and field candidates in a timely manner,and to formulate more suitable training plans.Furthermore,the research’s merit also includes accelerating the process of launching scientific training,improving the performance of physical examination.Based on the descriptive statistics of physical fitness test items(100 meters,800 meters,throwing the solid ball,and standing long jump)and special programs(200meters / 400 meters / long jump)scores for the track and field candidates,the study can indicate the correlation between quality scores and special grades as well as the difficulty and distinction among special projects.Accordingly,the training strategy of the track and field special candidates should be selected according to the relevant item groups combined with the special difficulty coefficient;the training load individualization principle should be sorted out;the annual training plan and the weekly training plan should be carefully planned;both training measures and methods should be formulated according to the item group.Research conclusion:1.In 2017 and 2018,the scores of the track and field candidates’ physical fitness items showed a skewed distribution(both negative deviations,and the deviation coefficients were less than 0),The average scores of the men’s and women’s 800 metersand the original directional solid throwing project are lower.Except for the 2017women’s standing long jump project scores,which were higher than that of the men’s,the average scores of male physical fitness items were comparatively higher.Therefore,When planning the training period for track and field special candidates,the training proportion of endurance and strength should be increased,and the women’s training load should be arranged in a targeted manner.2.In 2017 and 2018,the number of candidates for track and field special candidates who scored below 7 points accounted for 28.2%-38.9% of the two years,There are 28.2%-38.9% of candidates’ special choices for irrationality.During the training process,candidates should select exams for special programs on the basis of their own conditions.3.The scores of the physical fitness items of 100 m and 800 m scores are highly correlated with the 200 m and 400 m special programs.The scores of 100 meters scores and the standing long jump performance and special programs quality are highly correlated with the forward long jump scores,and discrimination is evident within special pr track and field ogram scores.In addition,the difficulty coefficient between men and women varies,and the male special projects’ being more likely to score higher than that of the females’ as a result.Candidates should optimize special program choices by combining the relevance of the test items and analyzing the special programs’ degree of difficulty,and then classify those factors through the relevance of the test items.Finally,they can formulate specific training measures and methods to achieve the goal of refining the special training.Suggestion:1.Regular high school grassroots coaches and candidates should strengthen their comprehension of track and field special projects,formulate the training schedule and carry out load arrangement referring to the actual condition of the candidates,so that the overall level of the training team will be improved.2.Candidates with a score of 7 or less in the special test should select special programs regarding to the difficulty and their characteristics.In doing so the test scores of the candidates can reach 7 or more,and a greater contribution will be made to the total points.3.The examination items are classified according to the speed class,the endurance class and the fast power class.The training methods and means are set up in the training guidance.The students are given a variety of test special choices to improve the overalleffect of the training and the overall results of the candidates.Can be improved.The research features the analysis of test scores as well as training strategies,and makes further efforts to provide scientific and reasonable training strategies for the track and field candidates for college entrance examinations in Chongqing.Last but not least,it can also provide theoretical basis and reference for ordinary high school grassroots coaches.更多还原