我国可燃冰开发中的环境保护制度研究

【作者】 钟声；

【导师】 李馨；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 经济法学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 可燃冰的发现为缓解我国日趋紧张的能源需求打开了一扇新的窗口,但在开发利用中也蕴含着一系列环境风险。作为新能源的代表,可燃冰的开发利用由于缺乏上位法的指引和完善的制度,现有的环境风险防范机制难以有效应对其中存在的环境风险。应当转变立法理念并将其落实到法律法规和具体制度中去,通过对可以适用的法律制度对我国可燃冰开发利用中可能产生的风险加以规制。在建立起切实可行的环境标准制度的同时,将环境影响评价制度运用到可燃冰的开发利用的全过程中。值得注意的是,随着各国对可燃冰的重视和开发,可燃冰也不可替代的成为对缓释能源危机、保护能源稳定安全、促进能源产业健康发展的有力支柱,所以我们应该力求在降低可燃冰开发带来的环境风险的同时,有效的控制和促进可燃冰的商业开采。总体来说,我国对可燃冰开发的制度研究主要有一下特点:第一,国内学者对可燃冰可适用的法律有探讨和拓展但不够全面。第二,目前我国可燃冰没有被国务院接受设立成为新型独立的矿种、也没有加入到可燃冰商业开发阶段,所以当前无专门的法律法规进行规制是无法避免的。现阶段在开采使用的过程当中对环境污染,生态环境造成损害仅可通过我国环境保护法或矿产资源法进行规范。第三,在国内外比较研究方面,国内学者对域外国家的研究主要在技术勘探研究和技术开采方面,对国外针对可燃冰开发适用的法律制度的研究和国外对于可燃冰开发中产生的环境保护制度的法律研究较少。目前国际层面对可燃冰的研究仍主要集中于对国际公约的研究以及可以适用于海上可燃冰开采的相关法律或方法的研究,国外学者的研究重点在各国的法律、规则对可燃冰在开发,勘探,监管制度上的适用和可燃冰开发中的环境风险规制与环境保护法律规则的研究。因此,本篇论文将在国内学者研究成果的基础上加以创新改进,论证可燃冰开发引致的环境风险需要专门立法的重要性,并对可燃冰可适用的法律全面的分析,梳理出针对可燃冰开发过程中的环境问题。最后通过对国外的文献的研究和借鉴为国内现行的法律的不足提供解决方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 The discovery of combustible ice opens a new window to alleviate the increasingly tense energy demand in China,but it also contains a series of environmental risks in the development and utilization.As a representative of new energy,the development and utilization of combustible ice is difficult to effectively deal with the existing environmental risks due to the lack of the guidance of superior law and perfect system.It is necessary to change the concept of legislation and put it into laws,regulations and specific systems,so as to improve the provisions on risk prevention in the development and utilization of combustible ice in China’s existing laws and regulations on natural resources and environmental protection.At the same time,the environmental impact assessment system is applied to the whole process of the development and utilization of combustible ice.It is worth noting that when China’s abundant combustible ice becomes the best choice to alleviate China’s energy crisis,ensure energy security and promote the energy revolution,we must weigh the advantages and disadvantages and promote the commercial development of combustible ice on the premise of effective regulation and minimizing associated environmental risks.In general,China’s system research on the development of combustible ice has the following characteristics: first,domestic scholars have discussed and expanded the applicable laws of combustible ice,but it is not comprehensive enough.Second,as a kind of mineral resource that has not been approved by the state council as a new independent mineral and has not yet entered the commercial exploitation stage,no special laws and regulations are inevitable at this stage.Therefore,environmental risks in the development and utilization of combustible ice can only be regulated in the legal system of environmental protection and mineral resources as described above.Third,in terms of comparative studies at home and abroad,domestic scholars’ studies on countries outside the region mainly focus on technical exploration and research and technical exploitation,while foreign studies on the legal system applicable to the development of combustible ice and foreign legal studies on the environmental protection system generated in the development of combustible ice are less.Current international level still focused on research of combustible ice may be suitable for developing offshore combustible ice existing legislation and international conventions and try to provide potential solutions research level,foreign scholars’ s research is focused on the international convention of combustible ice in the development,exploration,the application of the regulation and development of combustible ice environmental risk regulation and environmental protection research of the rule of law.Therefore,this paper will make innovation and improvement on the basis of the research results of domestic scholars,demonstrate the importance of special legislation on the environmental risks caused by the development of combustible ice,comprehensively analyze the applicable laws of combustible ice,and sort out the environmental problems in the development process of combustible ice.Finally,through the study of foreign literature and reference for the shortcomings of the existing domestic laws to provide solutions.更多还原