【作者】 王璐；

【导师】 张延成；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 “今天星期天”、“一言九鼎”这类句式和熟语在生活中应用的场景很多,在书面语中也较为常见。和一般的句子主语为名词,谓语为动词相比,这类句子谓语部分由名词或体词性成分充当,本文将这类谓语部分由体词或体词性成分充当的句子称之为体词性谓语句。根据构式语法理论,我们把这一类句子可以看作是一种构式。文章试图归纳其不同的构式义并将其分类,分析不同构式义形成特征的基础上进一步讨论体词性谓语句构式产生的机制和认知动因。文章分为绪论、主体和结语三个部分展开。绪论部分主要围绕文章选题的原因、价值和文章研究使用的理论方法进行简介。主体部分为第二章、第三章和第四章。第二章是本文研究的框架和基础。首先厘清构式语法的发展脉络,此为文章的理论支撑。构式语法和目前语言学界主流的生成语法之间的区别和联系,构式语法的主要流派和构式语法到中国后,中国学者将其本土化再应用于某些汉语语言现象的描述和解释。其次是体词性谓语句的发展现状,此为文章的研究中心。我国语言学界对体词性谓语句的研究经历了争论体词或体词性成分能否做谓语,为什么能够作谓语和已经确定的体词性谓语句的描写和归类的几个大的阶段。在归类部分,学者们多以结构和功能角度研究,主要有描写分析谓语部分的结构类型和描写分析主语部分的结构类型;谓语部分的语义类型;主谓之间的语义关系;全句的功能。第三章是本文阐述重点。有了前面的构式理论支持,可以判定体词性谓语句为一般体词性谓语句:NP₁+NP₂和特殊体词性谓语句熟语的构式。根据NP₁和NP₂的搭配,一般体词性谓语句有五种构式义:等同性说明、身份特征性说明、自然属性说明、动态变化说明和方位存在说明。对能够进入每种构式义的NP₁和NP₂归纳整理。第四章试图在认知语言学背景下对形成以上五种构式义的体词性谓语句和特殊体词性谓语句熟语做出解释。特殊体词性谓语句熟语能够成立是因为心理可及和扩散激活的转喻机制。一般体词性谓语句的等同性说明、身份特征说明、自然属性说明和方位存在说明是NP₁+NP₂的“话题——说明”构式符合“参考点——目标”机制。动态变化说明是因为人脑在抽象路径上的主观运动即心里扫描造成的。除此之外,NP₂句末有语气助词“了”和加副词“才”、“净”等修饰的一般体词性谓语句成立与“距离——标记对应率”有密切联系。最后结语总结了现代汉语中体词性谓语句在构式语法理论背景下的分类总结并提出了研究中的不足。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sentences and idioms such as"Today’s Sunday"and"One Word,Nine Ding"are used in many situations in life,and are more common in written language.Compared with the general sentence whose subject is a noun and predicate is a verb,this kind of sentence whose predicate is partly acted by a noun or nominal elements,which is called nominal predicate sentences in this paper.According to construction grammar theory,this kind of sentence can be regarded as a construction.The article tries to summarize the different construction meanings and classify them,and analyzes the formation characteristics of different construction meanings to further discuss the mechanism and cognitive motivation of the formation of the verb-like sentence construction.This paper is divided into three parts:introduction,main body and conclusion.The introduction part mainly focuses on the reasons and values of the topic selection and the theoretical methods used in the article research.The main part is the second chapter,the third chapter and the fourth chapter.The second chapter is the framework and foundation of this thesis.First of all,clarify the development of construction grammar,which is the theoretical support of the article.The difference and connection between the construction grammar and generative grammar,which is the mainstream in the field of linguistics at present.After the construction grammar comes to China,Chinese scholars apply its localization to the description and interpretation of some Chinese language phenomena.The second is the development status of the nominal predicate sentences,which is the research center of the article.The study of nominal predicate sentences in Chinese linguistics has gone through several stages,such as the debate on whether or not the noun or the nominal elements can be the predicate.Why it can be the predicate.The description and categorization of the nominal predicate sentences.In the categorization part,scholars mostly study from the perspective of structure and function,mainly describing the structure type of the predicate part and the structure type of the subject part;the semantic type of the predicate part;the semantic relationship between the subject and the predicate;The function of the whole sentence.The third chapter is the focus of this article.With the support of the previous construction theory,it can be determined that the construction of general nominal predicate sentences NP₁+NP₂ and the special nominal predicate sentences idioms.According to the combination of NP₁ and NP₂,the general nominal predicate sentences have five construction meanings:equivalence description,identity characterization,natural attribute description,dynamic change description and orientation existence description.The requirements for entering NP₁ and NP₂construct are summarized.The fourth chapter attempts to explain the formation of the above-mentioned five constructive meanings and the special-nominal predicate sentences in the context of cognitive linguistics.The special-nominal predicate sentences idiom can be established because of the psychologically accessible and diffusion-activated metonymy mechanism.The construction of"topic-illustration"of NP₁+NP₂ conforms to the mechanism of"reference-point construction",which includes the equivalence description,identity characterization,natural attribute description and orientation existence description.The dynamic change is explained by the subjective movement of the human brain on the abstract path,which is caused by the mental scanning.In addition,at the end of the NP₂ sentence,the modality auxiliary word"了"and the addition of the adverbs"才","净"are closely related to the"distance-mark correspondence rate".Finally,the conclusion summarizes the classification of nominal predicate sentences in modern Chinese under the background of construction grammar theory and puts forward the deficiencies in the research.更多还原