【作者】 李剑；

【导师】 张奇林；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 公共经济管理， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会贫富分化的日益加剧和社会保障需求的不断增强,慈善事业的发展和进步在我国的社会保障体系建设中具有越来越重要的意义。慈善组织是慈善事业发展的重要基础,是慈善项目发起和落地的主要载体,也是对接捐赠主体和受助者的关键纽带。2016年正式颁行的《中华人民共和国慈善法》,不仅为慈善事业的健康发展奠定了法律基础,更标志着我国慈善事业开始进入一个蓬勃发展的新时期,并沿着民间化、法制化和专业化的方向向前迈进。但是,现代慈善事业的高度专业性和我国国内环境的复杂性对慈善组织的发展提出了更高的要求。与美国等慈善事业比较发达的国家相比,我国的慈善组织在发展规模和发展质量上仍然存在巨大的差距。很多慈善丑闻的曝光也严重打击了我国慈善组织的公信力,对我国慈善事业的发展造成十分恶劣的影响。因而,研究我国慈善组织在其发展过程中所面临的复杂环境,并进一步解析慈善组织发展当中的各种影响因素,也就成为探索我国慈善事业发展道路的题中应有之义。社会资本理论是切入慈善组织发展研究的一个很好的视角。过去关于组织发展的研究习惯于从经济效率的角度出发,而往往忽视了组织所处的社会环境、文化环境和关系网络。社会资本理论能够解释处于复杂环境中的慈善组织是如何受到价值观、社会网络、制度化水平等无形资本的影响,以及它们之间是如何相互作用的。本文在对社会资本理论和前人研究进行梳理借鉴的基础上,首先对慈善组织进行了概念上的界定,区分不同类型的慈善组织,并且选取了本文所重点关注的慈善基金会。其次,基于本文的研究需要,在整合前人对社会资本的分类和测度方法基础上形成了衡量慈善组织发展的理论分析范式,提出了测度社会资本的社会信任、社会网络、社会规范和认知文化四个维度。再次,在探明我国慈善组织发展环境的基础上用定性的方法分析可能会影响慈善组织发展的有利因素和不利因素,尤其着重于从社会资本的角度来分析哪些因素对慈善组织发展产生了怎样的影响。最后,在定量分析的基础上判断这些因素与慈善组织的发展是否显著相关,影响作用机制又是怎样的,并在此基础上归纳出社会资本对慈善组织发展的影响,最后形成有益于慈善组织发展的政策建议。本文的研究结果发现,社会资本对慈善组织的发展具有显著影响。在本文的研究框架内,针对社会资本设计了社会信任维度、社会规范维度、社会网络维度和认知文化维度四个维度和15个细分指标,结果表明社会信任、社会规范、社会网络和认知文化对慈善组织发展的影响是显著的,但是影响的程度是不同的。就影响程度而言,社会网络>社会信任>认知文化>社会规范,也就是说,社会网络关系对慈善组织的发展具有最为深刻的影响。在论文结论的基础上,本文提出了注重慈善组织公信力建设、提高社会规范化程度、拓展社会网络关系和丰富慈善文化内涵等合理化政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the growing polarization between the rich and the poor and the increasing demand for social security,the development and progress of charity plays a more and more significant role in the construction of China’s social security system.Charitable organizations are the important foundation for the development of charity,the main carrier for the initiation and implementation of charity projects,and the key link between donors and recipients.The Charity Law of the People’s Republic of China was formally promulgated in 2016,which not only laid a legal foundation for the healthy development of charity,but also marked the start of a new period of charity’s vigorous development in China,and its popularization,legalization and professionalization.However,the specialization of modern philanthropy and the complexity of China’s domestic environment set a higher demand on the development of charity organizations.There still exists a huge gap between the charity of China and that of the developed countries such as the United States in the respects of the development scale and quality,and the emergence of charity scandals has undermined the credibility of many charitable organizations in China,making a negative impact on the development of philanthropy.Therefore,it has become the reasonable to explore the development path of China’s charity to study the complex environment faced by China’s charity organizations in the process of their development,and to further analyze the various influencing factors in the development of charity organizations.Social Capital Theory is a good perspective for the starting point of charity development research.The previous studies of organizational development focus on economic efficiency,but often ignored other factors such as social environment,cultural environment and social network.The Theory can explain how charity development is influenced by intangible capitals such as social values,social network and institutionalization level in a complex environment,and how these factors interact with each other.On the basis of the Social Capital Theory and previous studies,this paper first defines the concept of charitable organizations,categorize charitable organizations,especially the charitable foundations.Secondly,according to the aims of this paper,a theoretical analysis paradigm for the development of charitable organizations is formed based on the classification and measurement methods of social capital,and four dimensions of social trust,social network,social norms and cognitive culture for social capital measurement are proposed.Thirdly,on the basis of figuring out the development environment of charitable organizations in China,this paper uses qualitative methods to analyze the favorable and unfavorable factors that may affect the development of charitable organizations,especially from the perspective of social capital.Finally,by means of quantitative analysis,this paper examines whether those factors are significantly related to the development of charitable organizations,and how the influencing mechanism works.Based on the above analysis,this paper summarizes the impact of social capital on the development of charitable organizations,and advances policy suggestions for the benefit of the development of charitable organizations.It is found that that social capital has a significant impact on the development of charitable organizations.Within the framework of this article,the social capital is analyzed in the dimensions of social trust,social norms,social network,and cognitive culture and 15 subdivided indices,and the results show that social trust,social norms,social networks and cognitive culture impact significantly on development of charity organization,although they impact to varying degrees.In terms of influencing degree,social network comes first,followed by social trust,cognitive culture,social norms in sequence.In other words,social network has the most profound impact on the development of a charitable organization.On account of the above conclusion,this paper puts forward some reasonable policy suggestions,such as reconstructing charity organizations’ credibility,improving the degree of social standardization,expanding social network and enriching the connotation of charity culture.更多还原