【作者】 罗洁；

【导师】 段启俊； 朱绍清；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 沉默权是指刑事诉讼中,犯罪嫌疑人与被告人在面对司法机关的讯问时有权自主选择回答与否,且不因其选择沉默不语而对之作出不利法律后果的保障性权利。沉默权有“明示的沉默权”与“默示的沉默权”、“显性的沉默权”与“隐性的沉默权”等几个主要的分类。沉默权制度与无罪推定原则有着天然的联系,非法证据排除规则是其重要保障。不被强迫自证其罪规则包含有沉默权制度的部分内容,但两者是互相独立、但内容互相有交叉的关系。我国沉默权制度的确立之争存在“尚未确立”、“已经建立”与“一定程度上吸收了沉默权原则的合理内核”三种观点。我国不仅已经在刑事立法精神上确立了沉默权制度的合理内核,而且在立法体例上建立起具有我国特色的沉默权制度。犯罪嫌疑人和被告人的“如实供述”不是义务,而是权利,具有可选择性,是法律规定的犯罪分子获得从轻或减轻处罚的机会。监察法的规定并不与沉默权制度相矛盾和冲突,其所规定的职务犯罪被调查人如实供述义务可以视为沉默权制度的例外情形。我国司法实务界仍然借“如实陈述”义务之规定规避沉默权,但又在提倡“零口供”案件及“零口供规则”,且在司法实践中已经出现了适用沉默权制度办案的情况。进一步完善我国沉默权制度,是有效遏制刑讯逼供、落实不被强迫自证其罪规则,全面贯彻落实无罪推定原则,切实保障人权与程序正当的必要。国内外研究成果提供有益借鉴和经验,现有系列关联制度铺垫沉默权制度完善之路,我国公民权利意识不断提高,完善沉默权制度具有可行性。在宪法和刑事诉讼法层面完善无罪推定原则,完善非法证据排除规则和认罪认罚制度,是完善沉默权制度配套制度的需要。立法完善默示的沉默权规定,未来立法规定明示的沉默权,并完善沉默权适用情形的例外规定,是沉默权制度的立法完善方案。通过司法解释理顺法律规定上的复杂关系,试行书面的“沉默权告知义务书”,提高办案水平,改掉“口供为王”的破案陋习,是有助于沉默权制度推行和完善的司法策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 The right to silence refers to the right of criminal suspects and defendants to choose whether to answer or not in the face of judicial interrogation in criminal proceedings,and not to make unfavorable legal cons equences for them because they choose to be silent.The right to silence has several major categories such as “expressive right to silence” and “right to silence”、“obvious right to silence” and “implicit right to silence”.The right to silence system has a natural connection with the principle of presumption of innocence.The rule of exclusion of illegal evidence is an important guarantee.The rule of non-compulsory self-incrimination contains part of the system of right to silence,but the two are independ ent of each other,but the content is cross-related.The principle of not being forced to self-incrimination is independent of each other,but the content has a mutual relationship.There are three viewpoints on the establishment of the system of silence in China: "not yet established","already established" and "a reasonable core of the principle of the right to silence." China has not only established the rational cor e of the right to silence system in the spirit of criminal legislation,but also establish ed a system of silent rights with Chinese characteristics in the legislative system.The “true confession” of criminal suspects and defendants is not an obligation,b ut a right,and it is optional.It is an opportunity for criminals to obtain a lighter or mitigated punishment.The provisions of the supervision law do not contradict and conflict with the system of the right to silence.The obligation of the investigator to provide truthful confession of the duties of the duty crimes can be regarded as an exc eption to the system of silence.China’s judicial practice circles use the "true statements" obligation to circumvent the right to silence,and later advocate "zero co nfession cases" and their rules.In the judicial practice,the application of the right to silence system has been reported.Further perfecting China’s right to silence system is necessary to effectively curb extortion of confessions by torture,implement rules that are not forced to self-incrimination,comprehensively implement the principle o f presumption of innocence,and effectively protect human rights and procedures.The research results at home and abroad provide useful lessons and experience.The ex isting series of related systems paves the way for the perfection of the right to silence system.The awareness of civil rights in China is constantly improving,and it is feasible to improve the system of silence.To perfect the principle of presumption o f innocence at the level of constitution and criminal procedure law,to improve the rules for the exclusion of illegal evidence and the system of confession and punishment of guilty,is the need to improve the supporting system of the right to silence syst em.Legislation to perfect the implied right to silence,the right to silence in the futur e legislation,and to improve the exceptions,is a legislative improvement program.Through the judicial interpretation to straighten out the complicated relationship in the legal provisions,try to write a written "right to silence the obligation",improv e the level of handling cases,and eliminate the "problem for the king" to solve the problem,is a judicial system that contributes to the implementation and improvem ent of the right to silence system.Strategy.更多还原