【作者】 于洋；

【导师】 元文学；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 体育学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 投掷动作作为一种操作技能,广为应用于各项体育活动之中。本文以90名大连理工大学附属小学的6至12岁儿童为研究对象。将90名儿童分为6至8岁、9至10岁、11至12岁三个年龄段,进行反应时、注意力水平测试以及6项不同距离和范围的投掷测试,其中投掷测试需测试两次,两次测试之间进行8周的干预练习。测试结束后通过对比分析8周干预练习前后儿童投掷测试成绩的变化,结合反应时及注意力水平测试结果探讨儿童投掷动作协调控制特征,以期找到儿童投掷动作协调控制能力发展的规律,为促进儿童健康成长和科学地设置小学生体育课程内容提供一定的参考。通过配对T检验对比干预练习前后三个年龄段儿童的有效投掷数量差异发现,干预后三个年龄段儿童有效投掷数量相较干预前均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。对比三个年龄段儿童在干预练习前后的投掷测试中,投掷命中率和准确性的变化发现,6至8岁儿童在6项测试中命中率分别提升了26.1%、26.4%、18.1%、23.6%、21%、13.7%,相较其他两个年龄段提升幅度最高。将投掷测试结果结合儿童反应时与注意力水平测试结果相结合进行分析,得出以下结论:(1)在投掷测试中,6至12岁儿童投掷的准确性会因测试难度系数变化而改变,难度系数越高命中率越低。(2)年龄是影响儿童上手投掷动作中协调控制能力的重要因素之一,年龄大的儿童投掷动作更为成熟,协调控制能力更好,投掷的准确性也更高,且无论儿童有没有经过干预练习,这种影响都是存在的。合理的干预练习对儿童上手投掷动作的发展是有利的,经过一段时间的干预练习儿童能够更好地协调控制各部分肢体动作。6至8岁儿童处于上手投掷动作协调控制能力发展的敏感期,在这一时期的干预对儿童上手投掷动作发展最为有利。(3)反应时和注意力与儿童的投掷能力有一定的相关性,反应速度快、注意力集中的儿童投掷的准确性也更高。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an operational skill,throwing movement is widely used in various sports activities.This article is based on 90 children aged 6 to 12 years old affiliated to Dalian University of Technology.90 children were divided into 6 to 8 years old,9 to 10 years old,11 to 12 years old,and they were tested for reaction,attention level and 6 different distances and ranges.The throwing test required two tests.Times,an 8-week intervention exercise between the two tests.After the end of the test,the changes of children’s throwing test results before and after the8-week intervention exercise were compared and analyzed.Combined with the reaction time and attention level test results,the characteristics of children’s throwing movement coordination control were discussed to find out the development rules of children’s throwing action coordination control ability.Provide to promote the healthy growth of Children and scientific setting of the content of primary school physical education curriculum.Comparing the effective throwing numbers of children in the three groups of different ages before and after the intervention exercise,the paired T test showed that the number of effective throwing children in the three age groups after intervention was significantly different(P<0.05).Comparing the three-age children’s throwing test before and after the intervention,the change in throwing hit rate and accuracy found that 6 to 8-year-old children’s hit rate had been increased by 26.1%,26.4%,18.1%,and 23.6 %,21%,and 13.7%,respectively in 6 tests,and it had the highest increase compared to the other two age groups.Combining the throwing test results with the children’s response and the attention level test results,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)In the throwing test,the accuracy of the throwing of children between 6 and 12 years old will change with the change of the test difficulty coefficient,and the higher the difficulty coefficient,the lower the hit rate will be.(2)Age is one of the important factors which affecting the ability of children to coordinate control in the upper throwing movement.The older children have more mature throwing movements,better coordination and control ability,and whether the children have taken exercise training or not,this effect is existing.After a period of intervention,children can be better in coordinating and controlling the movements of various parts.Children between the ages from 6 and 8 are in a sensitive period of coordination control of thethrowing movement.The intervention exercises during this period are the most beneficial time to the development of children’s throwing movements.(3)Children’s reaction time and attention level have a certain influence on the throwing ability,and the children with faster response and higher concentration will get higher accuracy.更多还原