【作者】 张晶；

【导师】 林彦；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 法律（法学）（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济发展,人们对自然资源的需求不断增加,同时政府与人民之间因自然资源权属争议也日益增多。“乌木纠纷”与“黑龙江风光立法”的出现,根源在于大部分学说对客体的辨别标准未有系统论述。本文通过对目前“国家所有”学说理论的梳理,得出本文对宪法第9条“国家所有”性质的立场,即“国家所有”应当理解为国家所有制,具体有待立法形成。随后本文对自然资源这一概念进行了讨论,明确自然资源具有天然性、人为界定性、具有发展性三个特性。针对自然资源的难以特定化,本文认为应当超出自然资源的物理形态,只要能通过一定的技术手段、法律手段以及人的观念,即可在一定程度上弹性解决这个问题。由于宪法第9条中的“等”字应当被理解为外等,属于相对未尽列举。因此,通过对一定标准的考虑,相关立法机关可以将部分自然资源归属为国家所有。本文认为立法者在考虑能否归为国家所有的自然资源时,应当考虑四大要素,分别为有限性要素、公共利益要素、利益公平共享要素以及收益与成本的权衡要素。最后本文将该四要素运用到实践,依该四个标准分析“乌木争议”与“黑龙江风光立法案”,得出乌木与气候资源均不可归属于国家所有的结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economy,people’s demand for natural resources is increasing.There is also a growing number of disputes between the government and people over the ownership of natural resources.The reason of Ebony dispute and Heilongjiang Climate Resources Legislation is that the object identification criteria are unclear.Through sorting out the current“state-owned,doctrine theory,this article holds the opinion that the meaning of the "state-owned" of Article 9 of the Constitution as state ownership,waiting to be formed by legislation.Then the article discusses the concept of natural resources,and clarifies that natural resources are natural,artificial and developmental.Although natural resources are difficult to specify,this article thinks that we should go beyond the physical form of natural resources,as long as we can adopt certain technical means,legal means and peopled ideas,we can solve this problem to some degree.The word "etc." in Article 9 of the Constitution should be regarded as endless list.Therefore,by considering certain standards,the relevant legislature can assign some natural resources to the state.This article believes that legislators should consider four major factors when considering whether they can be classified as national-owned natural resources.They are the elements of finiteness,the elements of public interest,the elements of fair sharing of benefits and the balancing factors of benefits and costs.In the end,the paper applies the four elements to practice.According to the four criteria,we conclude that ebony and climate resources cannot be attributed to the state.更多还原