【作者】 王博；

【导师】 朱小雷；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 自1999年迈入人口老龄化社会以来,我国的老龄化程度不断加深,且呈现出老年人口增速快、空巢独居老人规模扩大、失能半失能人口占比不断提升等新的特点。“十三五”期间我国正逐步健全“以居家为基础、社区为依托、机构为补充,医养相结合”的养老服务体系,但是面对严峻的老龄化形势,我国社区养老设施的照料水平依然较低、养老服务供给机制尚不完善,“居家-社区-机构”这种多元化养老模式尚未形成有效的联动和互补,亟须进一步提升社区居家养老模式的精细化水平,实现养老资源的优化配置。本文立足于我国养老事业的发展现状,以轻度介护老人这一社区居家养老主要对象人群的行为模式、养老服务需求等为切入点,从养老服务需求与供给、养老照料设施的设计模式两个维度研究探讨广州市老年人群体的身体机能状况、养老服务需求特征,国外典型国家的养老模式、养老照料设施的类型及特征,养老照料设施及其生活照料单元的空间模式、精细化设计等相关问题。本文共分为5部分。第一章为绪论,概述了研究背景、国内外研究现状、相关概念内涵及研究内容、方法等;第二章是关于广州市老年人群体的健康状况、养老服务需求、社区养老设施评价等方面调研的研究分析,总结归纳了不同类型的老年人群体的失能状况、服务项目的需求强度及影响因素;第三章比较分析了美国、英国、日本等典型国家的养老模式、养老设施的类型特征,并总结归纳了社区养老照料设施的发展趋向及类型;第四章通过相关建筑案例的分析,总结了社区养老照料设施典型的空间组织模式;第五章在综合前四章关于轻度介护老人行为需求特征及养老照料设施类型空间特征等研究结论的基础上,对生活照料单元相关功能用房的精细化设计策略展开研究。本文的主要研究结论有:(1)轻度介护老人在如厕、洗澡及做饭、洗衣、购物等指标的失能率较高,失能程度不同的老年人个体的健康照料需求项目呈现出差异性;(2)与美国、英国、日本等国相比,我国应采取健全老年人相关法律政策、重视健康预防和持续照顾、鼓励社会资本参与等措施进一步完善现有养老模式;(3)养老照料设施呈现出社区化、家庭化、复合化、医养结合等发展趋向,依据照料程度的高低将其划分成了生活娱乐型、健康照料型、医疗康复型、综合型4种类型;(4)将社区养老照料设施的空间模式分为并列式、围绕式、放射式、立体复合式等4种,并归纳了短期入住组团、康复组团、医疗组团相关功能用房的设计原则和具体设计策略。本文一方面为更加准确地把握老年人群体的多元化养老需求,健全我国社区居家养老模式提出了相应的意见建议;另一方面也为我国社区养老照料设施的建筑设计研究提供了科学参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since China entered the aging society in 1999,the aging degree has been deepening,which is showing new characteristics such as the rapid growth of the elderly population,the expansion scale of the elderly living alone or in empty nests and the increasing proportion of the disabled and semi-disabled.During the 13 th five-year plan period,China is gradually improving the elderly-care service system,which is the basis of home-based care,supported by community care and supplemented by institutional care and combined with medical and nursing care.However,in the face of the severe aging situation,the care level of community pension facilities in China is still low,and the pension service supply mechanism is not perfect.The diversified mode of home-community-institution pattern has not formed effective linkage and complementarity,so it is urgent to further improve the refinement level of home-based community endowment pattern and realize the optimal allocation of endowment resources.Based on the development status of China’s elderly-care service system,this paper starts from the behavioral pattern and the needs of the home-based community endowment pattern main target population — the lightly nursing care elderly.From the dimensions in the elderlycare service demand and supply,old-age care facilities design pattern,studying the design related issues,such as the elderly population’s body function condition in Guangzhou,the service demand characteristics,the typical endowment patterns in foreign countries,the type and characteristics of elderly-care facilities,the elderly-care facilities’ spatial patterns of life care unit.This paper is divided into five parts.The first chapter is the introduction,which summarizes the research background,research status at home and abroad,related concept connotation,research content and methods.The second chapter is the research and analysis of the elderly population in Guangzhou in terms of health conditions,needs for elderly-care services,the evaluation of elderly care facilities,etc.And then this chapter summarizes the disability of different types of elderly population,the demand intensity of service projects and the influencing factors.The third chapter compares and analyzes the elderly-care and facilities pattern in the United States,United Kingdom,Japan.And then this chapter summarizes the development trend and types of elderly-care facilities.The fourth chapter summarizes the typical spatial organization mode of elderly-care facilities through the analysis of relevant building cases.Based on the research conclusions of the previous four chapters on the behavioral demand characteristics and the spatial characteristics of the elderly-care facilities,the fifth chapter studies the refined design strategy of the living care unit.The main research conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The disability rate of slightly nursing-cared elderly is higher in indicators such as toilet,bath,cooking,laundry,shopping,etc.,and the individual health care needslevels were different with different disability;(2)Compared with the United States,the United Kingdom,Japan and other countries,China should take measures such as improving relevant laws and policies for the elderly,paying attention to health prevention and continuous care,and encouraging the participation of social capital to further improve the existing pension model;(3)The elderly care facilities show the development trend of community,family,compound and combination of medical care and nursing.According to the degree of care,they are divided into four types: life entertainment type,health care type,medical rehabilitation type and comprehensive type;(4)The spatial modes of community elderly care facilities are divided into four types: parallel type,surrounding type,radial type and three-dimensional compound type,and the design principles and specific design strategies of short-term accommodation groups,rehabilitation groups and medical groups related functional rooms are summarized.On the one hand,this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions to more accurately grasp the diversified pension needs of the elderly population and improve China’s home-based community pension model;on the other hand,it also provides a scientific reference for the design and research of China’s community pension care facilities.更多还原