【作者】 张亮；

【导师】 张小明；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 机械工程， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 潜艇在国家海域防卫方面起着至关重要的作用,振动与噪声是潜艇性能的一项关键参考指标。潜艇的动力轴系为潜艇提供推进力,在此工作过程中,轴系纵向所受的外激振力产生纵向振动,对潜艇的隐蔽性和动力性能造成极大的影响,因此,研究轴系的纵向振动控制尤为关键。目前对轴系纵向振动的控制方法采用较多的是被动控制,主动控制研究较少,大多数还处在理论阶段。本文主要针对轴系的纵向振动控制这一课题,从振动的主动控制方面入手,围绕压电材料在此领域的应用进行了探索,着手搭建了基于堆叠式压电作动器的轴系纵向振动主动控制试验平台,并进行了实验研究。具体内容如下:(1)建立了轴系系统物理模型,分别介绍了分布参数法和集总质量法,并通过这两种方法对轴系模型进行了分析,获得了对轴系振动特性起主要影响作用的低阶固有频率。(2)设计了基于压电材料的主动控制试验平台,搭建了以压电作动器为控制力驱动元件的驱动结构,对主动控制方法进行了介绍,提出了本文所采用的基于经典控制理论的主动控制方案,即基于PID算法的主动控制方案。并对整个实验平台的设计进行了详述,包括主动试验平台的结构设计以及控制系统的设计。(3)完成了基于压电材料的主动控制试验平台的仿真以及试验,通过对搭建的试验平台振动特性进行分析,推导了轴系系统在参考面处的系统响应关系,利用MATLAB编程,对系统的减振效果进行了仿真分析,获得了两个减振效果较好的频率点,分别为161HZ、362HZ;根据仿真获得的两个频率点,进行定频激振,分别完成主动控制实验,实验结果表明:主动控制对试验平台的纵向振动减弱效果分别能达到16.6%、28.2%,因此可以得知,基于PID算法的轴系纵向振动主动控制有较好的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Submarine plays an important role in the defense of national sea area.Vibration and noise are a key reference index of submarine performance.The dynamic shafting of a submarine provides propulsion for the submarine.In this process,the longitudinal vibration of the shafting caused by the external exciting force exerts a great influence on the concealment and dynamic performance of the submarine.Therefore,the study of the longitudinal vibration control of the shafting is particularly critical.At present,the passive control is the most widely used method to control the longitudinal vibration of shafting,while the active control research is less,and most of them are still in the theoretical stage.In this thesis,aiming at the problem of longitudinal vibration control of shafting,starting from the active control of vibration,the application of piezoelectric materials in this field is explored.A test platform for active vibration control of shafting based on stacked piezoelectric actuators is built and experimental research is carried out.The details are as follows:(1)The physical model of shafting system is established,and the distributed parameter method and lumped mass method are introduced respectively.The shafting model is analyzed by these two methods,and the low-order natural frequencies,which play a major role in shafting vibration characteristics,are obtained.(2)An active control test platform based on piezoelectric material is designed,and a driving structure with piezoelectric actuator as the driving force is built.The active control method is introduced.The active control scheme based on classical control theory,which is the active control scheme based on PID algorithm,is proposed in this paper.The design of the whole experimental platform is described in detail,including the structure design of the active test platform and the design of the control system.(3)The simulation and experiment of the active control test platform based on piezoelectric materials are completed.Through the analysis of the vibration characteristics of the test platform,the system response relationship of the shafting system at the reference plane is deduced.By using MATLAB programming,the vibration reduction effect of the system is simulated and analyzed,and two frequency points withbetter vibration reduction effect are obtained,which are 161 HZ and 362 HZ respectively.According to the two frequencies obtained by simulation,fixed frequency excitation is carried out and active control experiments are completed respectively.The experimental results show that the effect of active control on reducing the longitudinal vibration of test platform can reach 16.6% and 28.2% respectively.Therefore,it can be known that the active control of longitudinal vibration of shafting based on PID algorithm has better effect.更多还原