【作者】 李红；

【导师】 曹缅；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 法律（非法学）硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 医疗侵权导致的机会丧失损害赔偿是一个逐年受到关注的新问题。机会丧失型医疗侵权是指患者在接受诊断治疗过程中,因医方的疏忽过失导致患者生存、治愈的机会减少或丧失。本文试图探讨将机会丧失型医疗侵权中的医疗机会利益作为一种新类型的利益加以保护,适当扩大损害的范围,从机会丧失型医疗侵权的概念、构成要件进行分析,进而探讨将机会利益丧失纳入到我国的司法调整范围,为解决新类型侵权开辟一条新路径。现如今我国医患关系比较复杂,医务人员水平参差不齐,法律上也缺乏对患者的保护,医疗体制虽然在不断改革和发展,但是患方暴力性私力救济仍然经常发生,医患双方的权益都无法得到保障,医患关系非常紧张。在我国目前的侵权责任法体系以及相关司法解释中,没有关于机会丧失理论的相关规定,最高人民法院也没有出台相关指导性案例,虽然学者和司法实践中对此问题的关注度都很高,但因缺乏明文规定导致一些案件不能完全合情合法处理。文章探讨将机会丧失型医疗侵权损害赔偿理论纳入到我国司法调整范围,从补充相关司法解释和发布指导性案例方面出发,将机会利益视为一种新类型的可保护利益,界定新的损害类型,在因果关系中恰当运用比例原则,实现责任自负,从而明确医患之间的责任分配,更好维护医患双方的合法权益的同时,也可以缓解长期难以解决的医患纠纷这一问题,并且对医务人员正确履行医疗义务起到促进作用。希望该问题在将来能引起侵权法学者的关注,更好保护患者的切身利益,平衡医患之间的责任,为缓解医患纠纷、发展医疗临床事业提供一个更好的社会环境和司法环境。本文是在研读相关文献后,采取理论与实践案例相结合的方法进行研究探讨,文章第一部分就医疗侵权中的机会丧失损害赔偿问题做简单介绍,引入机会丧失型医疗侵权的概念、理论来源和依据以及机会丧失型医疗侵权问题在国外是如何解决的。第二部分基于一般侵权的构成要素,探讨机会丧失型医疗侵权的构成要件,并将一般医疗侵权行为与机会丧失型医疗侵权做简单对比,确定损害范围和因果关系是这部分的重点和难点。同时,通过确认新的机会利益类型和有限扩张损害的范围,在保障侵权责任法及相关司法解释稳定性的同时,解决了如何赔偿的问题。虽然机会丧失的损害发生是一个可能性问题,但是机会性利益也是通过人们努力得来的,保护机会性利益是符合法律保护利益的要求,侵犯机会性利益当然也是应当赔偿的。因果关系问题在传统相当因果关系理论的基础上融入比例原则,法官依据相关法律和司法解释恰当运用自由裁量权来确定医患双方的责任大小也能灵活解决。第三部分主要结合我国实践中的新问题、医患之间的新矛盾、以及从司法实务出发,结合两个相关案例探讨关于机会丧失理论在我国医疗侵权领域的发展前景、理论界的争辩焦点以及将机会丧失型医疗侵权损害赔偿纳入我国司法调整范围的意义和途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Opportunity for damages caused by medical infringement is a new issue that has received attention every year.Opportunity-type medical infringement refers to the reduction or loss of the patient’s chance of survival and cure due to the negligence of the doctor during the diagnosis and treatment.This paper attempts to explore the protection of medical opportunity benefits in opportunistic medical infringement as a new type of interest,analyze its concept and constituent elements,and then explore the theory of opportunity loss into the judicial control of tort law in China..Nowadays,the relationship between doctors and patients in China is complicated,the level of medical staff is uneven,and there is a lack of legal protection for patients.The medical system is constantly reforming and developing,but the violent private relief of the patients still occurs frequently,and the rights of both doctors and patients Can not be guaranteed,the doctor-patient relationship is very tight.The article discusses the theory of loss-of-loss medical infringement damage compensation into the judicial control of our country,regards the opportunity benefit as a new type of protectable interest,defines a new type of damage,and implements the principle of proper proportion in causality to achieve self-responsibility.Therefore,it is clear that the distribution of responsibilities between doctors and patients,better safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of both doctors and patients can also alleviate the long-term problem of doctor-patient disputes,and promote the correct implementation of medical obligations by medical personnel.In China’s current Tort Liability Law and related judicial interpretations,there is no clear opportunity to lose the relevant provisions of the theory,and the Supreme People’s Court has no guiding cases,although scholars and judicial practice have high attention to this issue,but lack of clear text.The regulations have caused some cases to be completely and legally handled.I hope that in the future,it will attract the attention of tort law scholars,better protect the vital interests of patients,balance the responsibility between doctors and patients,and provide a better social environment and judicial environment for relieving disputes between doctors and patients and developing medical clinical undertakings.After studying a large number of related literatures,this paper takes the method of combining theory with practice case to study and discuss,the first part of the article makes a brief introduction to the problem of loss of opportunity compensation in medical tort,introduces the concept,theoretical source and basis of opportunistic medical tort and how to solve the problem of opportunistic medical infringement abroad.The second part,based on the constituent elements of general tort,probes into the constituent elements of opportunistic medical tort,and makes a simple comparison between general medical tort and opportunistic medical tort,and determines the scope of damage and causality is the focus and difficulty of this part.At the same time,by confirming the new type of opportunity benefit and the scope of limited expansion damage,the problem of how to compensate is solved while safeguarding the law of tort liability and the stability of related judicial interpretation.While the loss of opportunity is a matter of possibility,opportunistic interests are also derived from the efforts of people,the protection of opportunistic interests is in line with the requirements of the protection of the interests of the law,the infringement of opportunistic interests is of course also compensable.The causality problem is integrated into the principle of proportionality on the basis of the traditional theory of considerable causality,and the judge can solve the responsibility of both doctors and patients by using discretionary power properly according to the relevant law and judicial interpretation.The third part mainly combines the new problems in the practice of our country,the new contradiction between doctors and patients,and from the judicial practice,combined with two related cases to discuss the development prospect of the theory of opportunity loss in the field of medical tort in China,the focus of the theoretical circle and the inclusion of the loss of opportunity medical tort compensation in the scope of judicial adjustment in China.更多还原