【作者】 魏俊杰；

【导师】 任广辉；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 信息与通信工程， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着现代雷达隐身技术、反辐射武器的发展,传统有源雷达的探测和生存都受到越来越多的威胁,无源探测定位逐渐被重视和应用。利用灵活、隐蔽的移动平台对辐射源进行快速、准确的定位对战时信息收集有着重要作用。本文重点从基于角度测量的双机无源定位模型出发,并对多目标的角度估计和定位场景进行探讨。首先,对经典的2D-DOA和3D-TDOA/AOA无源定位模型进行了分析总结,并进一步从测量参量与目标位置间的物理关系出发,对模型的建立、观测方程的构造以及定位解算方法进行了系统的研究。对比发现角度观测在无源定位中有着重要作用,从相位差入手对线阵、面阵天线阵列的干涉仪测角特性进行了对比,并选择了圆形阵列对来波方位、俯仰角的测向,有着覆盖角度广等优势。随后,建立了双机协同的AOA定位模型,以达到用尽少的观测站和测量参量完成高精度的定位。模型仅将方位角和俯仰角作为输入,消去中间变量影响并具有高对偶性,物理含义明确,并可直接拓展到多站定位应用中。同时结合各类最小二乘估计,分析误差产生的原因并进行消除,提高定位解算的精度。最后,在多目标定位场景中采用RB-MUSIC算法对多角度估计,并引入子空间信号分离、空间异面直线关系等方法在空间时间上对目标匹配。在信号源估计中提出一种双机联合的去噪特征值方法,并结合RANSAC拟合,在低信噪比条件下有了很大的性能提升。最终给出一种联合降维投影的思路,完成双机对目标直接的匹配测角,从而将多目标转化为多个单目标进行定位。论文给出一种双机AOA定位模型,并针对多目标场景按信号源数目估计、来波角度估计、双机测向目标匹配和坐标定位解算等模块完成研究,形成一套完整的双机无源定位分析方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of modern radar stealth technology and anti-radiation weapons,the detection and survival of traditional active radars are more and more threatened,and passive detection and positioning are gradually being valued and applied.The use of flexible and concealed mobile platforms for fast and accurate positioning of radiation sources plays an important role in wartime information collection.This paper focuses on the two-aircraft passive model based on angle measurement,and discusses the target location solution and multi-target scene.Firstly,the classical 2D-DOA and 3D-TDOA/AOA passive positioning models are analyzed and summarized,and further from the physical relationship between the measured parameters and the target position,the establishment of the model,the construction of the observation equation and the positioning solution method are systematically studied.It is found that the angle observation plays an important role in passive positioning.From the phase difference,the angle measurement characteristics of the interferometer of the line array and the area array antenna array are compared,and the circular array is used to measure the azimuth and elevation angle of the incoming wave.It has the advantage of wide coverage and no blur.Subsequently,a two-aircraft coordinated AOA positioning model was established to achieve high-precision positioning performance with less observing stations and measurement parameters.The model only takes the azimuth and elevation angles as inputs,can eliminates the influence of intermediate variables and have high duality and clear physical meaning,moreover model can be directly extended to multi-station positioning applications.At the same time,combined with the least squares estimation and variants,eliminate from the cause of the error to improve the accuracy of the positioning solution.Finally,the RB-MUSIC algorithm is used to estimate the multi-angle in the multi-target localization scene,and the method of subspace signal separation and spatial alien line relationship is introduced to match the target in space time.A twomachine joint denoising eigenvalue method is proposed in the estimation of signal source number,and combined with RANSAC fitting,it has a great performance improvement under low SNR conditions.Finally,an idea of joint dimensionality reduction projection is proposed to achieve direct matching angle measurement between the two machines,so that multiple targets can be transformed into multiple single targets for positioning.This paper proposes a two-aircraft AOA positioning model,and the multi-target scene is completed according to the number of signal source estimation,the incoming wave angle estimation,the two-machine direction finding target matching and the coordinate positioning solution,a complete two-aircraft passive positioning analysis scheme is formed.更多还原