【作者】 傅强；

【导师】 郑辉； 蔺磊；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 车辆工程（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 汽车工业的高速发展使得人们对汽车有了越来越多的认识,对汽车的舒适性要求也就越来越高。噪声作为人们区分汽车好坏的一个评判标准,使得设计人员在车辆设计时更多的考虑噪声控制,他们发现传统的噪声控制技术对汽车舒适性进一步提升作用是有限的,于是,各大主机厂商开始关注汽车声品质(Sound Quality)的研究与应用,将它作为感知质量的一个重要部分,尤其是关门声品质。关门声品质表现较差的汽车,一般会给人留下车身不够结实,档次低的印象。因此,关门声品质研究已是汽车声品质研究的重要内容之一。依托提升某乘用车关门声品质的质量攻关任务,本论文对关门声品质传统的客观评价参数、主观评价试验设计及面向声品质提升的车门开闭系统的结构优化进行了全面的研究。论文主要研究内容:(1)汽车关门声品质的主、客观评价首先,阐述了各种传统的主观评价方法,选用等间隔直接单尺度评分法对12款不同级别的乘用车辆进行主观评价试验,对试验方法、试验流程及其他试验边界条件进行合理设计,将采集到的样本数据经过处理得到可信度高的试验结果。然后,在传统的客观心理学参数的基础上,计算各车型的尖锐度和响度。最后,将主观评价参数和客观评价参数之间的相关性做了分析,发现尖锐度溢值与主观偏好性的相关系数更高,在此基础上运用多元线性回归方法导出主观偏好性的计算模型。(2)基于某乘用车关门声样本的理论分析研究针对乘用车前后门关门声样本,本文应用时频域分析和频域滤波分析了影响关门声品质的声信号特征,用不同的滤波方式分析并找出了影响声品质的频率范围,为面向声品质提升的车门开闭系统的结构优化提供了理论基础。(3)面向声品质提升的车门开闭系统结构优化研究针对该车前后门关门声音不一致的问题,在对其声样本理论分析基础上,找到了影响车门关门声品质的结构因素,发现侧围锁扣处的板材刚度对关门声品质具有重要影响。对后门、侧围及门锁进行优化改进后应用主客观相关性模型进行了对比分析,发现该乘用车的关门声主观偏好度有明显提高,证明了改进措施是有效的。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the automotive industry and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards,the people’s comfort requirements of the car increase.The noise,which is regarded as one of the main factors in the quality evaluation of the car,is becoming increasingly noticeable.Therefore,the researches and applications of Sound Quality has been drawing attention from various car manufacturers in recent years,as the traditional noise control measures are limited in improving the comfort feeling.As an important aspect of the customer-perceived car quality,Sound Quality has become a key factor influencing the product competitiveness.Specially,its sound quality of door-closing noise is of great importance.If the door-closing sound quality of car is poor,the customers will be upset.Therefore,the cars’ door-closing sound quality research is already an important part of the automobile sound quality research.Aiming at improving the overall automobile sound quality,this thesis studied the door-closing sound characteristics of a particular car using a hybrid method combining a subjective-parameter calculation and an objective-evaluation experiment,based on which the subjective preference model was derived.The main contents include:(1)Subjective and objective evaluation of the door-closing noiseFirstly,different subjective evaluation methods are introduced.The properly-designed subjective evaluation tests are implemented on 12 different passenger vehicles using the equally-spaced single-scale grading method and reliable results are obtained after careful data processes.Then,the traditional psychological sound factors,such as loudness and sharpness,are calculated and the results prove that the sharpness overflow is in strong correlation with the subjective preference.Finally,the subjective preference model is established using a multiple linear regression process between subjective and objective evaluations.(2)Theoretical analysis for the sample signals of the door-closing soundThe acoustical characteristics affecting the door-closing sound are investigated by applying time-frequency analysis and frequency-filtering techniques on the sample noise signals and the effective frequency range is thus determined using different filtering methods,which provides a theoretical basis for the door-closing structure optimization.(3)Structure optimization aiming at enhancing the door-closing sound quality Various structural factors influencing the door-closing sound quality are studied,among which the stiffness of the side latch panel is found to be of great importance.Therefore,the structures of the rear door,side panels and latch are optimized and the feasibility of the optimization is proved by an obvious improvement in the subjective preference.更多还原