【作者】 王丽娜；

【导师】 毛浩然；

【作者基本信息】 华侨大学 ， 翻译硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 噪音是交际过程中普遍存在的因素。口译是一种跨文化交际行为,所以口译过程中也存在跨文化噪音。本研究从两个层面为跨文化噪音给出定义:对于口译员而言,跨文化噪音是任何影响口译输出或导致源语信息未能有效传递的文化相关信息;对于信息接收者而言,跨文化噪音是口译员输出信息中影响接收或理解源语语意的文化相关信息。该领域现有研究中未探索跨文化噪音形成的条件,未将其分类,未指出其潜在性,也未探讨口译员充当其制造者的角色。本研究共有三大研究问题:首先,学生译员在汉英翻译中出现跨文化噪音的情况有哪些?跨文化噪音出现的主要原因是什么?其次,学生译员是否会在翻译中给听众带来噪音?学生译员是否知道自己制造了跨文化噪音?最后,学生译员可以利用哪些降噪方法提升整体口译输出?本研究中请了十二位学生译员进行口译实验,并选取了十五段开幕词节选作为实验材料。这十五段节选分别来自十五篇中国政府官员在重大会议上发表的开幕词。汉语开幕词中含有丰富的文化因素,非常适用于本研究进行跨文化噪音的探索。本研究将实验与理论结合,得出如下结论:首先,谚语、引言、名称、政治术语和比喻这些文化因素是口译中潜在的跨文化噪音来源。其次,跨文化噪音形成的条件包括译员缺乏相关文化知识、译员不确定其相关文化知识的准确性、译员难以在有限时间内概述或解释某文化因素、译员处理信息结构受阻,以及译员困惑于目标语中无相应文化概念。本研究也将跨文化噪音归纳为六大类,即知识匮乏类、心理积压类、时间受限类、水平欠缺类、显性类,以及隐性类。本研究认为学生译员在口译输出过程中也是跨文化噪音的制造者,故在此基础上构建了含有“双重噪音”的口译模式。最后,本研究归纳出了口译过程中降噪的方法,即推测、模糊化、异化、归化、解释、简化和省略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Noise is an unwelcome factor that is present in all communication processes.As interpreting is an intercultural communication process,there exists intercultural noise.This thesis defines intercultural noise in interpreting on two levels: for the interpreter,it refers to any culture-related information that negatively impacts the interpreter’s output,resulting in ineffective relay of the original message;for the recipient,it refers to any culture-related information given by the interpreter which causes ineffective absorption or relay of the speaker’s intended meaning.Presently,few studies are dedicated to research on intercultural noise in interpreting.The conditions under which it arises,a categorization of its types,that it is potential and varies with people and situations,nor that the interpreter may create it have not yet been presented.This thesis includes three research questions: First,under what conditions does a cultural factor become intercultural noise,and what is the determining factor? Second,do student interpreters create intercultural noise,and are they aware of creating it? Last,what strategies can be used to abate intercultural noise?An experiment is conducted with twelve students of interpreting as subjects.Fifteen excerpts from fifteen opening remarks given by Chinese government officials were used as test material,due such text type being distinctively abundant in cultural factors.The experiment has found that cultural factors such as idioms,quotations,names,political terms and metaphors often pose as potential barriers in interpreting;the conditions under which they turn into intercultural noise include when the interpreter lacks cultural knowledge,is uncertain of cultural knowledge,finds generalizing or explaining to be pressured by time,finds information structure an obstacle,or knows no direct equivalent in the target language.This thesis classifies intercultural noise as knowledge driven,psychologically driven,time driven,proficiency driven,obvious and hidden.Intercultural noise created by students is explored,and a communication model concerning “double noise” is built.Noise-abating strategies are also given: inference,fuzzification,foreignization,domestication,explanation,simplification,and omission.更多还原